1. antisemitism A presentation proudly presented by Dominik, Fabian H. & Fabian F.

2. topics 1. term definition 2. early history 3. development in Nazi-Germany 3.1 : 1933 – 1935 3.2 : 1935 – 1938 3.3 : 1938 – 1945 4. after the war

3. term definition ● discrimination against and hatred of Jews because of their race ● first appearance in the DUDEN in 1934 ● reaches from defamation, discrimination and surpression over segregation, persecution and banishment to the attempt of absolute extermination under the Nazis ● there are no religious reasons

4. early history 1778: the Dominican Ludwig Greinemann discribes Pontius Pilatus, Herodes and Judas Ischariot as antisemitic 1800: first antisemitism in Germany 1819: 'Hep-Hep'-riots in Germany; Jews were attacked as 'Christusmörder' 1840: again excesses against Jews ('Hepp, Hepp, Jude verreck!') 1873 – 1896: great depression in the united Germany → middle class is hit hard, Jews (mostly banker) aren't

5. development in Nazi-Germany: 1933 - 1935 ● Jews in Germany: 500 000 (1% of total population) ● most were better educated than other Germans ● National Socialists made life difficult for Jews ● physical violance against Jews was rare and not systematic ● Boycott of Jewish shops → beginning of of the persecution of Jews in Germany

6. development in Nazi-Germany: 1935 – 1938 ● 1935: the Nuremburg Laws were passed: ● Jews weren't allowed to marry German citizens ● no sex between Jews and other Germans allowed ● Jews aren't allowed to have German women under the age of 45 working in their household ● → Jews lost their full German citizenship; were now second- class citizens ● → became excluded from the Volksgemeinschaft; were segregated from the rest of the German population ● → were no longer allowed to work as lawyers, doctors or journalists ● → emigration was made more and more difficult

7. development in Nazi-Germany: 1938 – 1945 ● 07.11.1938 : 17-year-old Parisian Jew shoots a German diplomat as revenge for the treatment of his family in Germany by the Nazis → Nazis use it as an excuse to organize an attack on Jews and their property throughout Germany ● 09.11.1938 : Night of Broken Glass (Reichskristallnacht) → 1,400 synagogues were burned or destroyed → 26,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to labour camps → 91 Jews were murdered → all German Jews had to pay a fine of one billion Reichsmark

8. development in Nazi-Germany: 1938 – 1945 ● Anti-Jewish measures: ● Jews had to pay a desertion tax (Reichsfluchtsteuer) when they left Germany (25% of value of their property) ● pensions for Jews were reduced ● Jews had to sell their houses and move to so-called Jews' houses ● The German state took over Jewish businesses ● Jews were not allowed to own cars, bicycles, telephones or radios ● Jews were not allowed to use public transport or to be outside their homes at night

9. development in Nazi-Germany: 1938 – 1945 ● Anti-Jewish measures: ● Jews were only allowed to attend Jewish schools and be treated in Jewish hospitals ● Jewish passports were stamped with the letter 'J' in red ● Jewish boys and men had to add the name 'Israel' to their names; Jewish girls and women the name 'Sarah' ● from September 1941: all Jews had to wear a yellow star in public

10. after the war ● Antisemitism wasn't longer state ideology ● statistics by the US showed that ● in 1945 : 23 % ● in 1946 : 21 % ● in 1948 : 19 % ● In 1952 : 34 % ● of the German population admitted they were antisemitic ● the main aim of the new republic was to ban the antisemitism from the minds of the people

11. Thank you for listening!!!