1. Clarity and Compromise First steps of DM/MD unification Neil Brown Kernel Engineer neilb@suse.de

2. Clarity, Compromise and Convergence. First steps of DM/MD unification Neil Brown Kernel Engineer neilb@suse.de

3. Clarity: Understand the differences

4. © Novell Inc. All rights reserved 4 Clarity 1: Different abstractions DM has 'targets', MD has 'block devices'. 'targets' are a DM-specific abstraction. – light weight - No 'baggage' like struct request_queue – Easy to disconnect/reconnect > 'struct inode' points directly to backing_dev_info in request_queue. – light weight – no plugging or congestion notification – no 'name' – for error messages or sysfs integration. A DM device is a 'table' of 'targets'.

5. © Novell Inc. All rights reserved 5 Clarity 2: Different configuration. DM uses extensible ioctl, MD uses sysfs (for extensions). – Both are textual, DM ioctls are positional. – DM has separate 'messages' for reconfiguration while active. – DM has two fixed-format status message (TABLE or INFO) – Change notification: > DM has blocking ioctl > MD uses select/poll. – Low level access: > DM: dmsetup > MD: cat / echo

6. © Novell Inc. All rights reserved 6 Clarity 3: Online reconfiguration. DM uses suspend / rebuild / resume – clean and general – requires target / block-device separation – non-atomic, so user-space must be careful not to allocate memory. MD uses hot-add, hot-remove, hot-grow. – needs kernel to know about every possible reconfiguration. – reconfiguration is easily atomic – probably more efficient for active reshape.

7. © Novell Inc. All rights reserved 7 Clarity 4: Mind Share MD is “RAID” even though it has non-RAID personalities like “multipath” and “faulty”. DM is “generic virtual block device” even though it imposes a “concatenation” mapping on top of everything.

8. Compromise: Work with the differences

9. © Novell Inc. All rights reserved 9 Compromise 1: MD RAID5 for DM Create a DM target by wrapping internals of md/raid5 – great learning exercise Ugly hacks for MD – Needed to make lots of sysfs code conditional Exposed weaknesses in DM (easily fixed) – No target access to plugging – No target access to congestion notification – Dirty-log had to align with target size, but need component size alignment.

10. © Novell Inc. All rights reserved 1010 Compromise 2: other possibilities. RAID0 is too simple to bother with RAID1 might be worth unifying multipath – DM is much more mature than MD. – also very different from any other DM or MD module. md/bitmap and dm-region-hash/dm-dirty-log have a lot in common....would need clarity on 'important' differences.

11. Convergence: Remove the differences

12. © Novell Inc. All rights reserved 1212 Convergence 1: The best of both worlds Create something new! – Neither DM nor MD is really suitable to completely incorporate the other. Compromise leads to kludges. Use a separate abstraction, like a 'dm-target'. – want something more light-weight than 'block_device' Use sysfs for all configuration/management. Provide legacy interface for both DM and MD.

13. © Novell Inc. All rights reserved 1313 Convergence 2: I have a dream.... New name for new abstraction: volumes Also have 'volume group' as a useful abstraction. A 'block device' volume simply wraps a block_device. A 'file' volume wraps a file (like loop) Other volumes are built from volumes in same group – built from one or more “volume + offset” – can do RAID or encrypt or concatenation or bcache or whatever – Possibly have 'dirty log' volumes and 'metadata' volumes. A volume group can present several block devices which can switch between volumes in the group.

14. © Novell Inc. All rights reserved 1414 Conclusions Convergence is hard work. – Need to understand the important differences. – Need to create a win-win situation. – Need a credible long term vision – Even then, no guarantees.

15. Questions?

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