1. Chapter 15 Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation

2. Introduction  Americans took land by Manifest Destiny  Expanding your land as far as you can

3. Louisiana Purchase  Across the Mississippi lay the unexplored territory of Louisiana  From Canada to south of Texas  From Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains  Louisiana was owned by France  Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to use this land for French farmers, would have closed important ports that the U.S. needed  These ports were how the U.S got their crops to nations across the oceans. (Cotton)

4. The Noble Bargain  Thomas Jefferson sent James Monroe (5th President) to France to buy New Orleans from them  He was offering 7.5 Million dollars  Napoleon was afraid that the farmers would rebel and riot in his farmlands so he did not need the area anymore  Instead of just New Orleans, Napoleon sold the entire state of Louisiana to the U.S for 15 Million  Another reason was that France and Britain were about to go to war and he did not want to loose the land to them

5. The Purchase Debate  The real cost of Louisiana was 2 to 3 cents per acre  People in the U.S. were upset…. Why?  Big price tag  Deal tore constitution into pieces  East thought would lose power  Thought that Louisiana would divide into mini states  After all the discussion, Senate approved the purchase

6. Florida  Andrew Jackson invaded Florida  Jefferson wanted to buy Florida from Spain and they said, “No deal!!”  Monroe sent Jackson to Florida to stop the raids and he stopped them and took over the state  Spain was upset and wanted him to be punished for his actions

7. “Govern or Get Out”  John Quincy Adams told Monroe to tell Spain that they need to govern Florida or get out of there!  In 1819, Spain gave Florida to the U.S. because they did not want to have a war with them.  In return, the U.S gave Spain 5 Million Dollars  U.S still let Spain control Texas

8. Questions  What was Manifest Destiny?  Who owned Louisiana?  Why did the US want to purchase Louisiana?  How much did we buy Louisiana for?  Why were citizens upset by the Louisiana Purchase?  Who owned Florida?  How did we get Florida?

9. Texas  Texas was a great area for cotton farming  Southerners wanted Texas so they could make more money

10. Americans came to Texas  Stephen Austin owned land in Texas and he invited 297 American farmers to live on his land  This was called the “Old Three hundred”

11. Rising Tensions  In Nine years population of Americans in Texas went from approx 300 to 25,000  This caused tensions to rise between Americans and Mexicans  American Complaints:  They wanted to govern themselves  All government documents were in Spanish  There was no Slavery allowed in Texas

12. Mexican Complaints  Americans came illegally to Texas  Americans had no respect for their culture  Americans had no intensions in becoming Mexican citizens

13. Texans Rebel  Americans wanted Texas as an independent Nation and rebelled because of it  Mexico’s governments was very mad  Santa Anna (Mexican war leader) declared war on the U.S citizens in Texas  He went to war bringing with him 6,000 troops

14. The Alamo  San Antonio, Texas is where the first battle took place in this war  The first battle was 6,000 Mexican soldiers vs. 180 Texan Volunteers  The Texans were outnumbered so they hid out in an old Mexican Mission named The Alamo  Key Texans in this battle:  Davy Crockett  William Travis  James Bowie

15.  Santa Anna surrounded The Alamo  For 12 days, the Mexican Army pounded on the outside of the mission  The 13th day Santa Anna stormed in and killed all of the men inside  The Battle lasted only 90 minutes  Texans were mad and wanted revenge

16. Texas Wins its Independence  Sam Houston wanted to fight Santa Anna and gain Texas’ independence  Houston got Santa Anna in the middle of Texas away from his supplies and attacked him and his army as they slept  As they attacked he shouted out the famous words: “Remember the Alamo”  After the battle was over Texas won its independence

17. To Annex Texas or Not  Texas stayed independent for 10 years after the war  Congress finally decided that they would annex Texas  to add a territory to an established country  Texas became the 28th State in America

18. Questions  Why did the southerners want Texas?  What was the “Old Three Hundred?”  What were the American complaints about Texas?  What were the Mexican complaints about Texas?  What was the Alamo?  Who were the three key Texans in the battle?  What did Sam Houston yell during the battle?  What does annex mean?  What number state is Texas?

19. Oregon Country  Claimed by four nations: Russia, Spain, Great Britain, and the US  Spain and Russia dropped out  Great Britain and US agreed to a peaceful “joint occupation”

20. Discovering Oregon  Lewis and Clark Expedition, too rugged for ordinary travelers  Jedediah Smith found better route called South Pass through the Rocky Mountains

21. Oregon Forever  First to travel South Pass were missionaries who made few converts (accept a new religion)  Oregon – “Pioneers Paradise”  Many settlers came for a fresh start  Oregon Fever

22. All of Oregon or Half?  Polk won election because of slogans about Oregon  “All of Oregon or none!”  “Fifty-four forty or fight!”  Didn’t want war with Britain so divided Oregon in half at 49 th parallel  US and Britain settled without spilling a drop of blood

23. Questions  What four nations claimed Oregon?  Which two nations ended up sharing the land?  Who went on an expedition to Oregon that was too rough for ordinary travelers?  Who found a better route to Oregon? What was it called?  Who were the first to travel to Oregon? Why?  What was the outcome on who received the land in Oregon?

24. War with Mexico  Polk – wanted to expand the US as far as he could  Purchase or by force take California and New Mexico  Mexican territories that were neglected  Mexican officials refused Polk’s proposal to buy the land

25. War Breaks Out in Texas  Annexation of Texas act of war to Mexico  They couldn’t agree on a border for Texas  Congress declared war on Mexico after firing on American Troops  Mexico thought we were greedy

26. Fall of New Mexico and California  General Stephen Kearny led Army from Kansas  Americans took control of New Mexico without firing a shot  John C. Fremont launched rebellion in CA  Arrested and jailed Mexican commander  Raised a flag showing a grizzly bear drawn with juice  Bear Flag Republic

27. United States Invades Mexico  Troops led by Zachary Taylor  “Old Rough and Ready”  Stopped by Santa Anna, but retreated from Northern Mexico  General Winfield Scott led troops in southern Mexico  “Old Fuss and Feathers”  Captured Mexico City

28. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo  Mexico gave up Texas or half their territory, which included CA and NM  Mexican Cession  US had to pay them $15 million and protect Mexicans living there still  Some opposed the treaty:  No right to take Mexican territory other than Texas should return the land  Wanted even more land

29. “From Sea to Shining Sea”  James Gadsden purchased a strip of land south of the Mexican Cession for $10 million  Gadsden Purchase  Bully or invade was dark side to Manifest Destiny

30. Questions  Which two territories did Polk want from Mexico?  Why did Congress declare war on Mexico?  How did California become known as the Bear Flag Republic?  What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?  Why did some senators oppose the treaty?  What purchase resulted in the nation stretching “from sea to shining sea?”  What was the dark side of Manifest Destiny?