1. 1/16 발효화학 (Fermentation Chemistry) Yong-Cheol Park (ycpark@kookmin.ac.kr) Department of Advanced Fermentation Fusion Science & Technology

2. 2/16 Lecture information  Subject : Fermentation Chemistry  Room : Science building No222/223  Time : Mon. 10:30 ~11:45, Wed. 09:00 ~ 10:15  Lecturer : Prof. Yong-Cheol Park  Affiliation : Dept. Adv. Fermentation Fusion Sci. & Tech.  Contact : Science building No.205 (Lab, 204) ☎ 910-5462,E-mail : ycpark@kookmin.ac.kr H.P. : http://www.openwetware.org/wiki/Parkhttp://www.openwetware.org/wiki/Park  Method : PPT presentation and hand-writing 식품생물공학연구실의 보유기술 미생물융합기술 (Microbial Fusion Technology)

3. 3/16 Text Information  Book title : Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism  Editor : Byung Hong Kim and Geoffrey Michael Gadd  Publisher : Cambridge University Press  Year : 2008

4. 4/16 Introduction to fermentation chemistry  Definition of fermentation 1. Narrow definition : Microbial metabolism in the absence of oxygen (ex) microbial production of alcohols and acids, food spoilage 2. Broad definition : All biochemical mechanisms of microorganisms for cell growth and maintenance of their cell viabilities  What is ‘Fermentation Chemistry’? 1. Cell growth and viability maintenance mean the extra- and intra-cellular reactions catalyzed by metabolic enzymes and controlled by regulation proteins and chemicals. 2. For cellular functions, various nutrients should be transported into the cell and metabolized into energy and building blocks of cellular structures.

5. 5/16 Introduction to fermentation chemistry  What is ‘Fermentation Chemistry’? (continued) 3. In biological systems, energy from nutrients is transferred to NADH and ATP, and stored to macromolecules. 4. Dependent on the presence of oxygen, especially, many by-products such as acids and alcohol are produced to control redox balance tightly. 5. Building blocks such as amino acids and nucleotides are produced on the basis of cell growth stage. 6 To consume various nutrients, different metabolic enzymes are required according to each source. Understanding of biochemical mechanisms of microorganisms

6. 6/16 Introduction to the text book  Importance of prokaryotes 1. Among living organisms, prokaryotes are much more metabolically diverse than eukaryotes and can also thrive under a variety of extreme conditions where eukaryotes cannot. 2. This is possible because of the wealth of genes, metabolic pathways and molecular processes that are unique to prokaryotic cells.  Limitation and challenges in studies of prokaryotes 1. After publication in 1995 of the first full DNA sequence of a free-living bacterium, Haemophilus influenzae, whole genomes of 1715 and 5230 prokaryotes are completely and partially sequenced to date, respectively. 2. Determination of entire genome sequences, however is only a first step in fully understanding the properties of on organism. 3. The functions of the genes need to be elucidated to give biochemical and physiological meaning to the information.

7. 7/16 Introduction to the text book  Limitation and challenges in studies of prokaryotes (continued) 4. It is widely accepted that less than 1% of prokaryotes have been cultivated in pure culture under laboratory conditions. 5. Development of new sequencing techniques has allowed us to obtain genomic information from the multitudes of unculturable prokaryotes. 6. Elucidation of the function of unknown genes through a better understanding of biochemistry and physiology could ultimately result in a fuller understanding of the complex biological phenomena occurring in the nature.

8. 8/16 Lecture Schedule & Evaluation WeekContents 1Chapter 1. Introduction of bacterial physiology and metabolism Chapter 2. Composition and structure of prokaryotic cells 2Chapter 3. Membrane transport-nutrient uptake and protein excretion 3Chapter 4. Glycolysis 4Chapter 5. TCA cycle, electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation 5 6Chapter 6. Biosynthesis and microbial growth 7 8Mid-term exam 9Chapter 7. Heterotrophic metabolism on substrates other than glucose 10Chapter 8. Anaerobic fermentation 11Chapter 9. Anaerobic respiration Chapter 10. Chemolithotrophy 12Chapter 11. Photosynthesis 13Chapter 12. Metabolic regulation 14Chapter 12. Metabolic regulation 15Final Examination  Mid-term exam (45%) + Final exam (45%) + Report (5%) + Attendance (5%)  Total : 100%

9. 9/16 Fermentation Industry 출처 :KBS2TV 일자리 119, 2010