1. The Food Security and Sustainable Livelihoods Programme (FSSLP) for the PACIFIC ISLANDS A framework for implementation of Pacific Islands’ food security & sustainable livelihoods strategies

2. The Pacific Islands Sub- Region FAO: 14 member countries IFAD: 8 member countries

3. Background 2001 Port Vila Meeting of SW Pacific Ministers 2001 Port Vila Meeting of SW Pacific Ministers Agreement on a regional approach to SPFS Agreement on a regional approach to SPFS Identified 3 pillars for RPFS (policy; trade facilitation; production) Identified 3 pillars for RPFS (policy; trade facilitation; production) 2003 Suva Meeting of SW Pacific Ministers 2003 Suva Meeting of SW Pacific Ministers Agreement to a US$ 4.5 million FAO Trust Fund (Italian Government contribution) pilot phase RPFS; parallel in Caribbean; Agreement to a US$ 4.5 million FAO Trust Fund (Italian Government contribution) pilot phase RPFS; parallel in Caribbean; 2005 Rarotonga Meeting of SW Pacific Ministers 2005 Rarotonga Meeting of SW Pacific Ministers Approved strategy for up-scaling RPFS with about US$ 72 M; Approved strategy for up-scaling RPFS with about US$ 72 M; Emphasized need to consult widely with member countries. Emphasized need to consult widely with member countries. To consider lessons learnt from the Pilot Phase To consider lessons learnt from the Pilot Phase 2007 Majuro Meeting of SW Pacific Ministers 2007 Majuro Meeting of SW Pacific Ministers Approved in principle the Draft Report of the Formulation Mission Approved in principle the Draft Report of the Formulation Mission Requested FAO to follow up with programme expansion Requested FAO to follow up with programme expansion Investment Centre mission & consultation workshop to refine Investment Centre mission & consultation workshop to refine Programme and proposals

4. Background 2007 – FAO / IFAD design mission 2007 – FAO / IFAD design mission programme renamed FSSLP; programme renamed FSSLP; refinement and restructure of programme. refinement and restructure of programme. 2008 – Consultative workshop (FAO, IFAD, SPC) 2008 – Consultative workshop (FAO, IFAD, SPC) called for: conduct of final design mission; processing by core financing partners; and establishment of core management as soon as practicable. called for: conduct of final design mission; processing by core financing partners; and establishment of core management as soon as practicable. 2009 Final design report 2009 Final design report programme components finalized; programme components finalized; implementation and management arrangements finalized; implementation and management arrangements finalized; implementation procedures finalized. implementation procedures finalized. 2010 TCPs – National capacity building for strategic project identification and design (FSSLP) 2010 TCPs – National capacity building for strategic project identification and design (FSSLP) visit all participating countries; visit all participating countries; preparation for FSSLP / NMTP implementation. preparation for FSSLP / NMTP implementation.

5. FSSLP makes use of experiences from Pacific regional programmes over many years FAO - Pilot phase Regional Programme for Food Security for Pacific Islands (RPFS) 2003 – 2007 FAO - Pilot phase Regional Programme for Food Security for Pacific Islands (RPFS) 2003 – 2007 EU - Pacific Regional Agricultural Programme (PRAP I & II) 1979-1998 EU - Pacific Regional Agricultural Programme (PRAP I & II) 1979-1998 EU/SPC - Development of Sustainable Agriculture in the Pacific (DSAP) 2003 - 2008 EU/SPC - Development of Sustainable Agriculture in the Pacific (DSAP) 2003 - 2008 IFAD - Mainstreaming of Rural Development Innovations (MORDI) 2004 - date IFAD - Mainstreaming of Rural Development Innovations (MORDI) 2004 - date FAO - TCPs and Telefood projects FAO - TCPs and Telefood projects

6. Key Elements of Food Security Availability (domestic production – natural disasters, & imports – less healthy) Availability (domestic production – natural disasters, & imports – less healthy) Access (land-less, unemployed & female headed households) Access (land-less, unemployed & female headed households) Utilization (2-28% children malnourished; adequate diets; nutritional well-being) Utilization (2-28% children malnourished; adequate diets; nutritional well-being) Stability (70% agriculture rain-fed vulnerable to climate change; sudden shocks / cyclical global events) Stability (70% agriculture rain-fed vulnerable to climate change; sudden shocks / cyclical global events)

7. Food Security and Sustainable Livelihoods Programme (FSSLP) OVERALL DEVELOPMENT GOAL “ To contribute to the achievement of food security by poor and vulnerable populations, and especially women and youth, in the Programme countries.”

8. Food Security and Sustainable Livelihoods Programme (FSSLP) MAJOR OUTCOMES 1) Increased and ecologically sustainable crop, livestock, fisheries and/or (agro)/forestry production and productivity, as well as other livelihood activities have improved the availability of and access in vulnerable and poor households. 2) Improvements in food security have been achieved through better access especially by remote vulnerable households and women to sustainable agricultural inputs, services and markets. 3) National and household food security has been improved through capacities, policies and strategic actions at country and regional levels to address immediate and long term food security challenges.

9. Partnerships and Coordination A successful FSSLP will result from developing strong partnerships between dev partners incl International & CROP agencies, govts, CSOs, PS A successful FSSLP will result from developing strong partnerships between dev partners incl International & CROP agencies, govts, CSOs, PS The FSSLP will be well embedded in local structures supporting and building on on-going activities The FSSLP will be well embedded in local structures supporting and building on on-going activities It will link strongly to other donor & NGO supported activities and to the Private Sector It will link strongly to other donor & NGO supported activities and to the Private Sector It will collaborate strongly with activities of relevant national and regional projects operating at country and regional levels It will collaborate strongly with activities of relevant national and regional projects operating at country and regional levels It will be a framework for improving food security and sustainable livelihoods in the Pacific Islands into the future It will be a framework for improving food security and sustainable livelihoods in the Pacific Islands into the future

10. FSSLP Major Components Component 1 – Support to community & household investments (USD 18.6 million) Component 2 - Development of service provision capacity & facilities (USD 8 million) Component 3 – Multi-country support and food security initiatives (USD 8.1 million) Sub-regional training and facilitation support to countries (USD 1.2 million)Sub-regional training and facilitation support to countries (USD 1.2 million) Support to multi-country food security initiativesSupport to multi-country food security initiatives Component 4 – Programme management (USD 6.7 million)

11. Management Structure Regional & National levels Regional – A strengthened RPMU with enhanced decision making capacity Regional – A strengthened RPMU with enhanced decision making capacity Regional Programme Steering Committee (RPSC) Nine members – FAO & donors; CROP rep; 3 country reps (1 per sub-region); 3 reps of CSOs & Private Sector; gender balanceRegional Programme Steering Committee (RPSC) Nine members – FAO & donors; CROP rep; 3 country reps (1 per sub-region); 3 reps of CSOs & Private Sector; gender balance National – Strengthened NPMU (with externally supported personnel) National – Strengthened NPMU (with externally supported personnel) National Programme Steering Committee (NPSC)National Programme Steering Committee (NPSC) National Programme Coordinator (NPC)National Programme Coordinator (NPC) Counterpart to the NPC & clerical serviceCounterpart to the NPC & clerical service

12. Monitoring & Evaluation RPMU & NPMU – facilitation, planning and technical support, reporting RPMU & NPMU – facilitation, planning and technical support, reporting RPSC & NPSCs – Assess progress against indicators, approve work plans / reports & decide on reallocation of resources RPSC & NPSCs – Assess progress against indicators, approve work plans / reports & decide on reallocation of resources Annual project & programme reviews and stakeholder analysis workshops Annual project & programme reviews and stakeholder analysis workshops Mid-term review Mid-term review End-term evaluation End-term evaluation

13. South-South Cooperation Pilot RPFS – Chinese & Philippinos Pilot RPFS – Chinese & Philippinos FSSLP - Indonesians & Philippinos FSSLP - Indonesians & Philippinos Technician & expert recruitments depend on choices of national projects; they should be on the ground June / July 2011 Technician & expert recruitments depend on choices of national projects; they should be on the ground June / July 2011 Country obligations – stipends, accommodation, transport; for RPFS, FAO covered these expenses through a regional TCP Country obligations – stipends, accommodation, transport; for RPFS, FAO covered these expenses through a regional TCP

14. FAO/RAS/3213 & FAO/RAS/3214 implementation ‘Aleki Sisifa (Team Leader): Samoa; Fiji; FSM; Palau; RMI ‘Aleki Sisifa (Team Leader): Samoa; Fiji; FSM; Palau; RMI ‘Aleki Sisifa & Siosiua Halavatau (Planning and M&E Specialist): PNG; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu ‘Aleki Sisifa & Siosiua Halavatau (Planning and M&E Specialist): PNG; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu ‘Aleki Sisifa, Siosiua Halavatau & Vanessa Griffen (Gender and Participation Specialist) Niue; Cook Islands; Tonga; Nauru; Kiribati; Tuvalu ‘Aleki Sisifa, Siosiua Halavatau & Vanessa Griffen (Gender and Participation Specialist) Niue; Cook Islands; Tonga; Nauru; Kiribati; Tuvalu

15. Expected outputs of the 2 TCPs Awareness created and the region and participating countries updated on the programme Awareness created and the region and participating countries updated on the programme FSSLP management structure developed – including identification of staff FSSLP management structure developed – including identification of staff PICs guided to develop Food security & livelihoods assessment documents in participatory manner -> NPSC PICs guided to develop Food security & livelihoods assessment documents in participatory manner -> NPSC Reconsideration & development of project proposals initiated (linked to assessment) Reconsideration & development of project proposals initiated (linked to assessment) Capacity building workshop Oct/Nov 2010 Capacity building workshop Oct/Nov 2010

16. Some outcomes of the Stakeholders workshops in the countries visited Seeds of participation and partnerships sown and nurtured; Seeds of participation and partnerships sown and nurtured; Discussions on Hot Spots of Poverty and Food Insecurity initiated; Discussions on Hot Spots of Poverty and Food Insecurity initiated; Better understanding of the concept of Project Cycle Management –development of the P/M&E system facilitated; Better understanding of the concept of Project Cycle Management –development of the P/M&E system facilitated; General & specific Gender Issues debated and analysed; General & specific Gender Issues debated and analysed; Selection of NPSC facilitated. Selection of NPSC facilitated.

17. StakeholdersInterest in Food SecurityPerception of the ProblemResourcesMandate National Research Institute (NRI) Minimize costs of food through appropriate policies Costs of foods are too high in PNG Policy research tools and skill sets (socio-economic) Public policy research on food security in PNG Commerce and Industry - Downstream processing - Commercialization - Problem with increasing value adding - Sustainability Existing projects Regional Centre - Tech and Innovation (RCTI) NEC Decision 2005 PNG Forestry Authority (Forestry Sector) Agroforestry aspects – enhance forestry livelihood economically in poverty alleviation No small scale economic activities in rural areas with high population density. Technical advice and capacity building PNG forestry authority National Forestry Development Guidelines 2009 AusAID Effective service delivery by key agencies in the food security industry Marginalized smallholder agricultural producers Cap building for key agencies to enhance service delivery No mandate. but supports respective agencies Public Sector Fresh Produce Development Agency - Increase income levels of rural pop - Improve nutritional level of rural communities - Have more gender participation - Uncoordinated approach to addressing food security - Communities lack FS - Lack knowledge in small scale food processing - Technical human resource in extension skill - Provide planning process skill - Projects identified not related to this Development of horticultural industry through production and marketing NARI Enhancing production thru research Adequate knowledge in production BUT poor quality Sustainable innovation – pre and post harvest management techniques in food production Providing research for agricultural development and food security for rural farmers Livestock Development Corporation (LDC) Breeding centre development for cattle/goats/sheep Low animal population Huge meat imports Increase meat consumption Cattle research in Zuguru and Launakatana, etc Abattoirs in Port Moresby and others (non-functional) Rehabilitate and restock farms which were rundown over the years DALFood and economic security Despite having strategies in place – food security efforts done in isolation Increase financing (NADP and donors) Collaborative projects Technical supports Formulations, advisory, coordination, and monitoring of food security policies and strategies Commodity IndustryEffective partnership Project development Lack of effective collaborative partnership Technical expertise - downstream processing esp coconut products Support smallholder production Stakeholder Analysis PNG NRI Minimize costs of food Cost of food Policy researchPublic res through appropriate too high tools & skill setson Food policy (socio-economic)Security Public Sect Incr income levels - Uncoordinated app - Extension skillsDev of hort ind Fresh Prod Incr nutritnal levels to addressing FIS - Planning skillsthrough prod & Agency Increase gender - Lack knowlge in - Identified unrelatedmarketing participation small-scale proces projects Livestock Breeding centre dev - Low animal pop - cattle res Zuguru &Rahab and resto Developmt for cattle/goats/sheep – Huge meat import Laumakatana etc.rundown farms Corporation - Meet incr meat dem – abbattoirs PM etc. DAL Food and economic Despite having - Incr financing (NADP)Formulation, security strategies, FS efforts - Collab projectsAdvisory, coordination, done in isolation - Technical support& monitoring FS policy & strateg Commodity Effective partnership Lack of effective Tech expertise Support small Industry Project development collaboration/partnsh downstream process holder prod

18. Stakeholder Analysis - Tonga StakeholderInterest in Food SecurityPerception of the problemResourcesMandate Agriculture Policy, technology and monitoring support - Lack of research into potential new export crops - Lack of funds - Technical support - Facilities Ensure adequate quality and nutritious foods for all Forestry Forestry resource development through Agroforestry practices and partnership with all stakeholders - Lack of appropriate legislation. - Overemphasis on timber - Low adoption rate of forestry technology - Qualified staff - Technology development - Heaps of land Forestry development and utilization Environment conservation Fisheries Enough affordable sea food production Technical assistance - Overfish/lack of production - Price too high - Lack of funds Staff support Conserve, manage, and develop sustainable utilization Research to ensure FS & better socio-economic wellbeing Food Nutritious/safety sufficient and sustainable supply of food - Unhealthy imported foods - Not eating enough fruits and vegetables - Increasing NCDs prevalence Providing food preparation and healthy eating training and education to communities Ensure equitable access to adequate supply of healthy and safe foods Assist women to address nutritional needs of family. Women Inputs for income food generating activities - Majority of assistance directed to farmers and trade - Low priority of women food income generation Active participation & improved technical skills in income generation/household food preparation Ensure sustainable supply of safe food for the family. Youth Enough nutritious food/balance diet Market access/trading Safe environment - Seedling/planting materials of traditional varieties - Not enough producer group – trading avenues, etc - Environment – safety policy - Human resources - Labour/commitments – stewardship body – awareness and maintain Youth contribution to food security – livelihood as a first choice. FarmersAvailability of market outlets Availability of affordable basic foods Availability of more employment opportunities - Lack of sufficient resources - Lack of ready outlets for producers - Lack of training - Availability of land - Commitment of all people involved To ensure availability of healthy foods to everyone. Agriculture Policy, tech, monitoring - lack research new exp - Technical support Ensure adequate qual support - lack of funds - Facilities nutritious foods for all ForestryFor resource dev through - Lack of appro legislatn - Qualified staff For develop & utilisatn agro-for practices & partns - Overemphasis on timb - Tech developmt Environment conserv with all stakeholders - Low adoptn of for tech - Heaps of land Fisheries Enough affordable sea food - Overfish/lack of prod - Staff support Conserve, manage, dev prod; Tech assistance - Price too high sustainable utilisation - Lack of funds Research -> FS & SE Women Policy, tech, monitoring - lack research new exp - Technical support Ensure adequate qual support - lack of funds - Facilities nutritious foods for all

19. Stakeholder Analysis – Tonga (Cont.) Farmer Federation - Production of food locally - Produce for export to assist the economy - High production input costs - Lack of infrastructure - Market accessibility - To provide assessment solutions and proposals for assistance ASAP CSOs - Access to enough, safe affordable food - Access to sources of incomes - Access to sustainable environment (policy) - Geographic isolation - Lack extension support capacity - High food prices - Climate change - Low income/poverty - Manpower/social obligation - Strong network/commitment - Local understanding/wider perspectives on gender and environmental safety Equal opportunity – empower community to utilize those opportunities Trade Govt - Facilitate easy trade in all related food products to and from Tonga - Trade policy - Market access No proper policy or management body to manage food security issues at national level - Updates and information on all food and agr international trade agreement and negotiations. - Expertise in marketing and trade - Networks with business communities - National export strategy - Licensing Act - All trade negotiations (PICTA, WTO,etc) Livestock - Quality protein sources - Incomes - Affordable prices - High feed costs - Low quality breeding stock Technical assistance - Existing stock - Technical skills More healthy livestock for Tonga Village Community - Everyone has food at affordable costs - Good and healthy food - Not understanding food security - Lack of training - Less income to help buy quality foods - Community expectations - Food availability Do it now to save us Consumer Federation - Enough safe and affordable foods - Appropriate food legislation and regulation - Analysis facility - Lack of appropriate food legislation and regulation - Lack food safety facility - Expertise on food legislation and regulation and food supply facilitation - Expertise on local consumer information Ensure that rights of consumers are protected Private Sector- Input and service provider Trading - Product trading/marketing Lack of direction i.e. national/Govt - Expertise in investment - Efficiency to implementation Trade played fair

20. Current / Emerging Gender Issues Rising food prices – key issue identified in countries. Women handle household budgets and shortfalls; Women’s inshore fishing and depletion of food sources – lack of attention to sustainability in most fisheries sectors; Need for more marketing support and assistance for women’s income/livelihoods activities – e.g. in traditional areas of women’s income – craft; New opportunities needed – moving outside of current gender roles of men and women – to increase rural livelihoods and household income; Gender impacts of trade policies and globalisation on small Pacific Island states.

21. Gender in FSSLP All stakeholders covering all sectors - are encouraged to do a gender analysis in their areas of work - to recognize women’s participation or find new opportunities for inclusion; Emphasis is on not treating women as a bloc – focus is on women in most disadvantaged communities and households; Women’s participation and inputs need to be seen in all levels of FSSLP – in National Food Security Assessments, National Co- ordination Committees, food security Project design and activities, Monitoring and Evaluation.

22. Project Identification Project Design Project Appraisal Project Preparation Project Implementation And monitoring Project Evaluation Better understanding of the concept of Project Cycle Management

23. Project Cycle Stages Participatory and Gender Questions IdentificationHow can a project be identified in a participatory manner? Involve stakeholders. DesignHow can a project be designed so that it meets the practical and strategic needs of the stakeholders, especially the poor and the vulnerable and those excluded from development projects AppraisalAppraisal must address the social and gender dimensions of a project? Proposal Preparation In the proposal preparation make sure to reflect the gender and socio-economic dimensions of a project? Implementation and monitoring How can a target community participate in project implementation and monitoring? EvaluationHow does an evaluation establish whether a project meets its objectives especially the needs of disadvantaged people? Links bet stakeholder analysis & project cycle

24. Logical Framework Approach in Steps 1. Situation analysis – food security assessment 2.Stakeholder analysis 3.Problem and objective identification & analysis 4.Analysis of alternatives 5.Activity planning 6. Logical framework matrix

25. Niue Food Security Problem Tree Limited Food Production (crops, livestock and fish) Low Crop ProductionLow livestock production Low sea food production Insufficient income Food insecurity Limited market Limited commercializationLack of standards Declining soil Fertility Lack of planting materials Unavailability of water Animal damages Increasing pests & diseases Lack of local feeds Poor breeds Lack of vet services Unavailability of fishing equipment Not enough in-shore FADs Exclusion of women from fishing grounds Lack of farm machineryDependence on inorganic inputs Shortened fallowToo much tree fellingPoor spray program Ltd biosecurity capacity Natural disasters Limited technical skills Poor diagnostic skillsLimited research capacity Limited facilities Lack of mentoring Not enough technical informationLack of commitment Lack of youth engagement Lack of flexible policies Reliance on food imports

26. Niue Food Security Objective Tree Food Production (crops, livestock and fish) increased Crop Production increasedLivestock production increased Sea food production increased Sufficient income Food security achieved Adequate markets Production commercializedStandards developed Declining soil Fertility halted Planting materials available Adequate water available Animal damages mitigated Pests/diseases decreased Local feeds available Breeds improv ed Vet services available Fishing equipment available Enough in- shore FADs Women not excluded from fishing grounds Adequate farm machinery Dependence on inorganic inputs reduced Shortened fallow adapted to Tree felling reducedEffective spray program Adequate biosecurity capacity Natural disaster adapted to Sufficient technical skills Good diagnostic skillsIncreased research capacity Enough facilities Adequate mentoring Enough technical informationAdequate commitment Increased youth engagement Flexible policies Food imports reduced Formulated as Goal Formulated as Purpose Crop & agroforestry production & protection / Soils management Animal health & production Capacity building Sustanable fisheries Results & activities

27. The Logframe matrix Narrative Summary OVIsMOVsAssumptions Goal Increased food and income security for households Contribution of local food to the diet. Income from food production Project report, national crop surveys National contribution is forthcoming Purpose Crop production increased Yields of crops per unit area, total area, total yield Project report, national crop surveys - Stakeholders remain interested - Enough national capacity Results 1.Soil fertility improved 2.Drought effects reduced 3. Planting materials available 4. Pests and diseases controlled 5. Farming skills improved - Fertility parameters improved - Crop yield improved - Irrigation tech adopted - Crop yield improved - No. of cvs collected - No. of genebanks established - Pest and disease program operational - Needs analysis conducted - Farmer training program operational Project reports- Stakeholders remain interested - Enough national capacity Activities

28. Commitments from national systems Recommendation on the position of NPC Support; Recommendation on the position of NPC Support; Appointment of the counterpart for the NPC; Appointment of the counterpart for the NPC; Arrangement on clerical service for keeping the books of in-country FSSLP; Arrangement on clerical service for keeping the books of in-country FSSLP; Establishment of the National Programme Steering Committee – stakeholder participation; Establishment of the National Programme Steering Committee – stakeholder participation; Status of the development of the draft FSSL Assessment document; Status of the development of the draft FSSL Assessment document; Recommendation (if any) on sub-regional representation in the RPSC; and, Recommendation (if any) on sub-regional representation in the RPSC; and, Update on the priority national projects identified for the FSSLP. Update on the priority national projects identified for the FSSLP.

29. Thank you