1. Miranda v. Arizona By Alexis Toombs December 1, 2014

2. The Lead-Up to Miranda v. Arizona  Three cases occurred before the Supreme Court took the case  George Whitmore Jr. confessed to the murder of a girl named Minnie Edmonds. He was not allowed a lawyer. Later, he renounced the confession and was found to be innocent of the crime later on when another man was found guilty.  Danny Escobedo was charged with the murder of his brother-in-law, but was not given the right to a lawyer.  Ernesto Miranda was arrested for the rape of an eighteen year old and brought to the county jail where he confessed to the crime and was not provided with a lawyer until his arraignment trial.

3. The Original Case  The case Miranda v. Arizona’s decision is one that is still known today. This decision was founded on four different cases, all of which held that the defendant had not been told their rights prior to their interrogation.

4. Miranda v. Arizona  The Miranda v. Arizona case was heard in 1966 with three major arguments. These were:  States’ rights  Individual rights  And public safety  Argued that the rights of the public and individuals had to be balanced and that federal cases should be overseen by the federal government

5. Vignera v. New York  The defendant signed a statement declaring his guilt and confessed to the police but was not given the right to counsel.

6. Westover v. United States  Carl Calvin Westover was arrested and given his rights by the FBI and eventually found guilty after his confession.

7. Johnson v. New Jersey  Sylvester Johnson and Stanley Cassidy, upon arrest, were given their right to speak of their own free will but denied the right to a lawyer.

8. The Decision  Supreme Court Chief Justice Warren announced the 5-4 decision on June 13, 1966.  Police officers would, from then on, have to read the Miranda Rights upon arrest for the confession to be valid.  However, the offender could waive their rights and speak to the police officers if they wished.

9. Impact from the Case  The case had very little impact on the public though as time continues, people still recognize the Miranda Rights as well as the decision that police officers should read every person’s Fifth Amendment rights upon arrest.

10. Works Cited  http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/r ights/images/miranda.jpg http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/r ights/images/miranda.jpg  http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/dam/assets/ 130603132842-ernesto-miranda-horizontal- gallery.jpg http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/dam/assets/ 130603132842-ernesto-miranda-horizontal- gallery.jpg  http://i.ytimg.com/vi/LVxcJTvZCb0/hqdef ault.jpg http://i.ytimg.com/vi/LVxcJTvZCb0/hqdef ault.jpg