1. Probability of rental cycle program in the Philippines - Focusing on the aspect of security- 15,Dec.2008 Daichi Mimura M.Eng. Tokyo institute of technology Affiliate student of NCTS, University of the Philippines Diliman Inter-University Seminar on Transportation and the Environment 2008

2. 1.Necessity of modal change 2.Merits of using bicycle 3.Needed easy access to bicycles 4.Problems against keeping on rental cycle projects 5.Problems in adapting to the city of the Philippines 6.Schedule for further research 2 Contents

3. HOME destina tion Jeep Bicycle Train Bus Train Bus jeep Jeep Tricycle Bicycle Popular trip process Proposing trip process 3 1.1 Pushing modal change is needed 1. Necessity of modal change Home-based trip: this trips gradually increasing Bicycle parking-based trips which rental cycle offer: not popular in the Philippines Short trip

4. Travel characteristics in metro manila 32% of all the trips by jeepney and 23% of that by car are very short distance trips, less than 2km. Short trips made by Jeepney and car should reduce as encouraging modal change to bicycle 4 source: document of world bank for Philippines metro manila urban transport integration project 2001 Prefer using bicycle in the trip distance less than 2km 1.2 Characteristics in short trip 1. Necessity of modal change

5. 2.1 Why bike?...Merits Transport-related Can reduce traffic congestion and parking space Environment-related Can reduce Atmosphere pollution Health Increasing overall fitness level Lowing the risk of heart attacks Shedding excess weight Reducing stress Money-related Fuel-cost, parking-fees, repairing-cost, 5 2. Merits in using bicycle

6. 2.2 Saving times in the use of bicycles One of the attractive features in bicycles as a transportation in the city Using bicycle is the best way for saving times in short distance trips which less than 4km compare to other mode of transport. 6 walk: 4.8km/h Bicycle: preparing time 4min+12km/h Bus and jeepney: 10min*+11km/h (10min*: including walk to bus station and waiting time) Car: preparing time 7min+14km/h source: project team elaboration based on MMUTIS and Feasibility Study Data Trip time is the shortest by trips of bicycle in the trip less than 4km 2. Merits in using bicycle

7. This surveys held in Marikina in 2007 to analyze how people using bicycles In the surveys, major purpose of the bicycle travel is home-based round trips that means recreational and shopping trips. Safety issues are identified as reasons why people do not use bicycles as a major mode of transport. From this surveys, to increase bicycle users two things is needed More easily access, not only home but everywhere in the city in low cost To prevent bicycles from being stolen R ental cycle has a potential 3.1 Current state in the use of bicycles 3. Needed easy access to bicycle 7 Source: 2008 TSSP conference, ASSESSMENT OF MODAL SHIFT AND INSTITUTIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MARIKINA CITY BIKEWAYS

8. More easily access, not only home-based but everywhere-based in the city with low cost To prevent bicycles from being stolen To improve above I focus on a rental cycle program. Objectives – To foster the use of bicycles in the city. – To install safely securing bicycles to promote the use of bicycles in the city as an alternative cleaner form of transport. – This is a mechanism to encourage both local residents and visitors to use bicycles as an alternative means of major transport. – The establishment of a management system to run a rental bicycle scheme. To install safely securing bicycles is primary purpose of this thesis 8 3.2 Objectives of rental cycle program 3. Needed easy access to bicycle

9. Innovated rental cycle systems have started in EU Can be used for daily mobility as one-way use is possible Differ from traditional, mostly leisure-oriented bicycle rental services as they provide fast and easy access automated rental process via smart card or mobile phone Case in France – Renting a bike is simple: cyclists choose a bike and insert a pre-paid card or credit card in a terminal to unlock it from the station. When they are done, they lock it up at any station. – If a bike is used for less than 30 minutes, the credit card will not be charged. Every half hour after that costs 1 euro (US$1.33). Weekly rentals cost five Euros and yearly rentals just 29 Euros. 9 4.1 Characteristics of the projects in EU 4. Problems against keeping on rental cycle projects

10. 4.2 Rent cycle program in UP PEDYAK project Students can borrow “MAMA CHARI” paying 500Php/semester. Students who borrow a bicycle can use bicycle during one semester. They can go everywhere inside UP. Numbers of bicycles: 50 But now all of bicycles are rented. From this event, it is considered that the demands for rental use of the bicycles is too high. Problems – If bicycle stolen, students must pay 4000Php. It’s not possible to pay that amount for students whose bicycles were stolen. To keep on this project – Primary problem is security of bicycles – It’s very important to take measures to cope with the thief 10 4. Problems against keeping on rental cycle projects

11. Factors to prevent thief from stealing bicycles contents – Advertising – Bicycle coloring – Bicycle shape – System of parking station Need to analyze below Which factors is more useful to thief The costs of each factors to implement Less cost and more effective factors should be estimated cost benefit analysis 5. Factors in preventing thief 5. How to prevent

12. 12 5.1 Factors in preventing thief Factors to prevent thief from stealing bicycles – Advertising in EU advertising is working on as one of the effective ways for prevention of bicycles stolen. partnering up with advertising firms that will provide bikes equipped with anti-theft systems in return for city-wide advertising opportunities. Which ways is better? Paint or Attachment Wheel or Body 5. How to prevent Photo: UP rental cycle

13. 13 Factors to prevent thief from stealing bicycles – Bicycle coloring Issues needed to analyze in coloring effect Bicycle color is important factor to distinguish rental cycles from all other bicycles. To standardize the specify color is necessary to make program of rental cycle well-known Blue tend to make people relax Red tend to make people excited Unique color like PINK have a effect to prevent To determine the effects of color of bicycles should conduct survey 5.2 Factors in preventing thief 5. How to prevent

14. 14 Factors to prevent thief from stealing bicycles – Bicycle type Difference in stolen rate depending on the bicycle type? 5.3 Factors in preventing thief 5. How to prevent Small wheel type: Popular in the use of rental cycles in EU Mountain bike: Popular bicycle in the Philippines MAMA-CHARI: Popular bicycle in Japan and used for rental cycle in the UP

15. 15 Factors to prevent thief from stealing bicycles – System of parking station Automated rental process via smart card or mobile phone securing bicycles could install? Have to consider other type parking facility with locks Types of locks for bicycles – Rental cycle in France are equipped with a lock and an alarm that will sound if the bike is not returned to a station. 5.4 Factors in preventing thief 5. How to prevent ?

16. 16 Future plan 6. Schedule for further research Conduct experimentation to analyze the effects of the factors Conduct surveys to build a frame for experimentation second stage: Conducting and analyzing two to three months  Now introduction stage Estimate costs of each factors Review of the program in EU especially for reference in bicycle parking systems France Spain Review of the program in EU especially for reference in bicycle parking systems France Spain fist stage: Research one to two months

17. Thank you for your attention 17 Daichi Mimura (E-mail: mimura.d.aa@m.titech.ac.jp)mimura.d.aa@m.titech.ac.jp Yai Laboratory Department of Built Environment Tokyo Institute of Technology (HP: http://www.plan.cv.titech.ac.jp/yailab/index_e.html)

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19. Promoting the most promising new urban transport concepts, initiatives and projects to help moving them from their current “niche” position to “mainstream” Public bicycles examined as one of 12 innovative concepts 19 4.1 The NICHES project 4. Problems keeping on rental cycle projects – example of EU

20. To prevent bicycles from being stolen More easily access not only home but everywhere in the city in low cost To solve above problem I focus on a rental cycle program. Now, many cities are giving it a go again by partnering up with advertising firms that will provide bikes equipped with anti-theft systems in return for city-wide advertising opportunities. In an effort to prevent thefts crippling the network, Velib' bikes will be equipped with a lock and an alarm that will sound if the bike is not returned to a station. There will also be a security deposit that riders will lose if their bike vanishes. 20 3.2 Necessary condition 3. Needed easy access to bicycle

21. The city of Marikina 2,150 hectares total population: 479,394 52km of cycle lane Marikina’s Case The bikeways network offers a direct and safe connection from residential areas to major transport terminals, markets, schools, employment centers, commercial and industrial establishments. 21 5.1 Marikina project 5. Problems in adapting to the city of Marikina

22. Marikina bike ways 5. Problems in adapting to the city of Marikina

23. Since 2006, there has been a real boom of public bicycle systems in some parts of Europe. Particularly in France and Spain it seems that nearly every larger city wants offer such a service. These countries do not have a pronounced bicycle culture yet, but there is much discussion about the important role that the bicycle could play in urban transport as a new form of individualized public transport. In Spain, the concept is even promoted on the national level. Public bicycle schemes have the potential to achieve a change towards a more sustainable multi modal travel behavior (“the right mode for the right trip”), if properly implemented. They can be part of the “bigger puzzle” of an integrated urban transport strategy, which enables cities to reduce motorized traffic and its environmental impact. 23 Necessary components for rental cycle program

24. Air pollution level In the Shoe Avenue station The levels of TSP concentration before, during and after the Carless Day were fairly better than the air quality standard of 230ug/Ncm. Significant gap was observed on the Carless Day itself, 3-times lower in TSP concentration than regular days. In the Bayan-Bayanan station Recorded high concentration of TSP even on Carless Day. The three-day monitoring revealed very unhealthy level of TSP concentration Moreover Carless Day has insignificant effect on the air quality situation of the Bayan- Bayanan area. 24 TSP level before, after and during the Carless Day on Shoe Avenue station TSP level before and after the Carless Day on Bayan-Bayanan station 1.1 Serious air pollution 1. Necessity of modal change

25. Structure of my thesis (plan) 1 st : how to encourage people to use bicycle especially focusing modal change from jeep to bicycle 1.How to use bicycle? 2.About bicycle user? 3.How could we push people to ride bicycle? 3 main theme How to let them know about usefulness in using bicycle Parking facility Safety 2 nd : cycling demand forecasting and estimate how much atmosphere pollution could reduce 3 rd : how much traffic congestion could reduce due to modal change 25

26. Intro. Why bike CostBenefits Monetary Vehicle cost Fuel cost Parking fees and public transport fares Vehicle repairs and maintenance cost Savings in vehicle purchase costs Fuel savings Savings in parking fees and public transport fares Savings in vehicle maintenance Non-monetary Costs of pollution Costs due to congestion Loss of opportunity costs due to delays Value of time costs Degradation of the environment Deterioration of health Safety and security risks Reduction in pollution levels Travel time savings Improvement in health Improvement in safety and security 26 Costs and benefits items should be evaluated in pushing bicycle use Source: Mrikina city bikeways planning and design guidebook published in 2007.

27. The Marikina project followed three major components Component 1: Allocation and delineation of bikeways in suitable existing roads; – Delineation and marking of bikeways in existing roads – Upgrading of road condition through repairs and scarifying of road pavement surface for the laying of top asphalt (asphalt topping) in the designated bikeways – Putting up signage, markers and lane barriers in critical areas to protect bikers – Identification of suitable roads for widening to accommodate bikeways – Widening of roads through construction (land grading, compaction and laying out of concrete pavement and drainage improvement) 27 intro. Marikina project

28. Component 2: Identification and construction of parking facilities for bicycles; – Identification of suitable parking spaces – Negotiation with landowners (if not public lands) to provide small parking area for bicycle (e.g., in existing parking lots of malls, groceries, open space, etc.). An ordinance may be passed by the City of Marikina requiring commercial, industrial and institutional (e.g., schools) establishments to allot parking space for bicycles – Putting up bicycle racks and parking sheds 28 intro. Marikina project

29. Component 3: Upgrading of existing riverside bike lanes and their extension through construction of new bike lanes to cover the entire stretch of both riversides; – Rehabilitation of destroyed segments of existing jogging/bike lanes (i.e. destroyed by flooding and typhoons) through laying out of new pavement and rip rapping of riverbanks frequently eroded – Construction of new bike lanes through land grading, concreting, drainage improvement and bank stabilization through engineering means – Construction of hazard protection barriers (chain links, fence) in critical stretches (i.e. narrow river easement) – Planting of shade trees in riverside 29 intro. Marikina project

30. 1. How to use bicycle? What situation should I consider? How long distance people may ride bicycle? And For what purpose? Have a plan to investigate the actual situation that how to use bicycle for people? For example how often people use a bicycle in a week It’s necessary to get above data. Mall? Sarisari? Station of rail? Jeep station? Home How long distance? How many times in a week? 30

31. almost bicycle parking are vacant on the train station. Using rate of parking facility? To bike to ride a train is not popular? -10,500 daily trips were made by bicycle in Marikina city (MMUTIS, 1998) -A large amount compared to the rest of the Metropolitan Manila (160,200 bicycle trips daily) Many bikers who are boys to aged people are seen on the way –I felt that using bicycle got establishment as short trip transport. 1. How to use bicycle? In case of Marikina 31

32. 32 1. How to use bicycle? In case of Marikina Vehicle registration in Marikina Most increasing registered vehicles between the years 2000 and 2007 is that of the motorcycles. This increase has well translated to the registered of tricycles, a three-wheeled public transport. Source: Land Transportation Office

33. Non-motorized transport share in Marikina the share of NMT traffic increases compared to motorized traffic from 2002. From 2002 until 2006, the MBO was to implement of the bikeways project with education and information campaigns supporting the rapid construction of the bikeways system in the city. 33 1. How to use bicycle? In case of Marikina Source: Marikina Bike Office

34. 2. About bicycle user? Which class of income can buy bicycle? Ownership rate of bicycle? Detail data of family income …..and if available, an individual income data by age, sex, Generally how much to buy a bicycle? 34 Source: National Statistics Office

35. 2. About bicycle user? 35 Figure shows the family income in the Philippines. 70% of the families live a life with under 10,000Php in a month. Those people could not buy a bicycle without support for purchase of bicycles. So it’s necessary to make a support program for people who wants to use bicycle. And who are targets of bicycle user? Source: National Statistics Office

36. In Marikina city What is the bicycle owning rate? Bicycle store Many bicycle stores in Marikina Bicycles are available from 2000Php Owing rate Marikina’s recent Bicycle Ownership Survey showed that 55% of families in Marikina owned or has access to a bicycle, 22% of which is used for bike-to-work purposes. Although the percentage of modal shift from motorized transport to non-motorized mode in Marikina is yet not to be known. 2. About bicycle user? In case of Marikina 36

37. 3 main theme 1.How to let them know about usefulness in using bicycle…. Many programs are suggested to promote using bicycle in the book, which is Mrikina city bikeways planning and design guidebook which published in 2007. but this way is just suggestion. 2.Safety For thief Parking facilities are enough? Lights on side on the road Condition on the road Conflict to vehicle Cross section 3.Parking facility How many parking facility are there in Marikina? and future plan? How do you inform people where parking facilities are? 37 3. How could we push people to ride bicycle?

38. The way how to do is written in Mrikina city bikeways planning and design guidebook which published in 2007. but this way is just suggestion. Informing campaigns Information should be shared are below —Benefits of bicycling —Description of bicycle network —Features of bicycle facilities —Various tips on how to select, operate and maintain a bicycle —Location of bicycle parking facilities 38 3.1 Review of Mrikina city bikeways planning and design guidebook Informingpromotioneducationadvocacy Should be more concretely The way —Active campaign people actually speak to the audience —Passive campaign non-vocal way ex; flyers, brochures, other published materials the campaign to be effective Needs deferent campaign depend on targets —The end user —Higher government bodies —Other LGUs

39. Bicycle education programs —The intended objective is to make an audience learn —Most important program through bicycle program Include 3 components 1.Basic bicycle operations 2.Rules of the road 3.Repairs and maintenance Proposed to conduct a survey to participants in this guidebook 39 Informingpromotioneducationadvocacy 3.1 Review of Mrikina city bikeways planning and design guidebook

40. Bicycle promotion programs The main objective is to encourage the more frequency use of bicycle EX; Bicycle purchase program - people can purchase bicycle using installments at 0% interest A workplace incentive program - workers who bike to work can be given some incentives Tax incentive program - companies who provide their own parking facilities can get incentive A car-less day 40 Informingpromotioneducationadvocacy 3.1 Review of Mrikina city bikeways planning and design guidebook

41. Advocacy and awareness campaign The objective is to bring to light a specific issue related to bicycling Previous types of bicycle program can be organized under advocacy campaign topics —Health and sickness —Pollution / environmental degradation —Fuel shortage —Quality of life —Security and convenience of of the bicyclists —Traffic safety 41 Informingpromotioneducationadvocacy 3.1 Review of Mrikina city bikeways planning and design guidebook

42. Actually some projects are conducted in Marikina city. Bicycle loan project Car less day Bicycle loan project – The city government also administered a Bicycle Loan Project that gives city employees and students an opportunity to own a bike through an interest-free bike loan payable within 6 to 12 months. the city government handed over 150 mountain bikes to its Bantay Bayan volunteers. – several NMT ordinances have already been implemented to support the sustainable existence of the bikeways. 42 3.1 Promotions in case of Marikina

43. 3.2 safety For thief Parking facilities We are afraid that our bicycle are stolen by thief while we park a bicycle. So it’s important to put safety parking facilities for bicycle. Lights on the sides on the road Also we are afraid of a robber. Light have prevention effect. Condition on the road Conflict to vehicle and traffic accidents Need data of traffic accidents between vehicle and bicycles. 43

44. many parking facilities are built in Marikina But used rate is low – the city government has opened a bike way connection between the established city network to the new Light Rail Transit station in Santolan, complete with bike parking facilities, making it possible for people to conveniently use the mass transit through biking from their homes. But I felt these facilities are not working well. 3.3 Parking facility 44