1. Commonly Confused Words and Pet Peeves Round One

2. They’re / Their / There THEIR: (possessive pronoun) belonging to them THEY’RE: (contraction) They are THERE: (adverb) At or in that place (primary def.) They’re leaving their tired dog over there.

3. To / too / two TO ▫ preposition  Walk to the car (toward) ▫ infinitive indicator  To skate TOO can mean also or indicate degree TWO is the number following one The two girls wanted to go to the skating rink too, but it was too late.

4. Its / It’s Its – Possessive Pronoun –Since this is a possessive pronoun, it may help to think of the S in ITS as already belonging to the word. IT’S Contraction of it and is. It’s common for the cat to lick its claws. (Its / It’s) just a matter of time before a snake bites (its / it’s) owner.

5. Then / Than Than is a conjunction used in comparisons Then is an adverb denoting time.. Bob noticed that some mice were much bigger than others. Then, he realized they weren’t mice at all! My piece of cake is much bigger (then/than) yours! We are going to grab some water, (then/than) we are going on a hike.

6. Lose / Loose Your / You’re LOSE (v) is to be unable to find –Notice there is only one O in To and Lose LOOSE (adj) means it’s not tight or fastened enough To Lose a ring because it’s too loose is infuriating YOUR shows that something belongs to you. YOU’RE is short for You are. Your shoes are falling off because you’re missing shoelaces

7. Through / Threw Through: moving in one side and out of the other side of something I went through the door Threw: The past tense of throw I threw the baseball 90 mph I (threw/through) the rock as hard as I could, and it went (threw/through) the window.

8. Who’s / Whose WHO’S –always means “who is” or “who has” Who’s your date for the dance? Who’s got my car keys? WHOSE –Possessive pronoun: something that belongs to “who” Whose dirty socks are on the floor? (Who’s / whose) coming to the football game tomorrow? The man (who’s / whose) house collapsed is now homeless.

9. Accept vs. Except Accept is a verb meaning “to receive.” Did you accept the gift? Except is a preposition that means“excluding.” We were busy every night except Tuesday.

10. Affect vs. Effect Affect is a verb meaning “to influence.” Try not to let unkind remarks affect you. Effect is usually used as a noun that means “the result of.” The effects of the hurricane were evident.

11. All together vs. Altogether All together is an adverb meaning “in unison,” or an adjective meaning “ in the same place.” Please sing all together, now. We were all together for the holidays. Altogether is an adverb that means “entirely.” Her reaction was altogether unexpected.

12. Complement vs. Compliment The word complement is a noun and a verb. In either case, it refers to something that completes or goes well with something else. –The sauce is a nice complement to the vegetables. –The sauces complements the vegetables. The word compliment is also a noun and a verb, but it indicates the offering of praise or flattery to another person. –He gave her a compliment about how she was dressed. –He complimented her on her attire.

13. All ready vs. Already The words all ready mean “all prepared” We were all ready to leave. The word already means “previously” We have already painted the sets.

14. Formally vs. Formerly The word formally means “in a proper or dignified manner,” or “according to strict rules.” Did you dress formally for the party or wear everyday clothing? The word formerly means “previously,” or “done in the past.” The lake was formerly a valley.

15. Desert vs. Dessert The word desert means “a dry region” or “to leave or abandon.” He crossed the desert at night. She deserted her sister at Kennywood. The word dessert means “the final, sweet course of a meal.” The buffet’s food was great, except for the dessert, which was dry and bland.

16. Passed vs. Past The word passed means “went by, beyond, over, or through.” He passed the last car before reaching the checkered flag. The word past means “time gone by,” “of a former time,” or “beyond.” He told stories about the past. He has missed the past two days. He walked right past the snake.

17. Principal vs. Principle The word principal means “the head of a school,” or “main or most important.” Mr. Stephens is the principal. The principal export of Brazil is coffee. The word principle means “a rule of conduct,” or “a fact of general truth.” Her principles are very high. MLK supported a principle of non-violence.

18. Personal vs. Personnel The word personal is an adjective meaning “individual” or “private.” The store manager gave us personal attention. The word personnel refers to “a group of people employed in the same work.” Management asked personnel to come to work 10 minutes earlier than last year.

19. Quiet vs. Quite The word quiet means “silent” or “still.” The library is now usually quiet. The word quite means “completely, rather, or very.” He was quite sure he was at school yesterday.

20. Waist vs. Waste The word waist means “the midsection of the body.” The pants are too tight around the waist. The word waste means “a needless expense,” “unused material,” or “to use foolishly.” Waiting in line is a waste of time. Do not waste too much time on video games.

21. Weather vs. Whether The word weather refers to “conditions outdoors.” The weather has been far from perfect this week! The word whether indicates an alternative or some doubt. You must decide whether you want to go or not.

22. Assure, ensure, insure Assure is a verb meaning “to make certain by removing doubt or suspense; to promise.” I assure you that will not happen again! Ensure is a verb meaning “to make certain by protecting; to guarantee.” The First Amendment ensures the freedom of speech. Insure is a verb meaning “to arrange for monetary payment in case of loss, etc.” What is the cost to insure both vehicles?

23. Anxious vs. Eager Anxious means “apprehensive,” or nervous, about something; although, you might have an excitement for it as well. I am very anxious about the championship game. Eager means you await something with pleasant expectations. I am so eager for summer vacation!

24. Between vs. Among Whether you choose between two evils or among them depends on the number of evils. Between the devil and the deep blue sea. (Between usually is the choice as an object of the preposition when choosing between two).

25. Between vs. Among (cont.) I must choose among The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. (Among is usually, but not always, required for three or more) Between usually carries a more “one-on-one” connotation than among: Differing ideologies have caused wars between nations, but a common enemy may yet bring peace among them.

26. Everyday vs. Every day Everyday is an adjective. Her everyday clothes made the rich kids scoff. Every day is an adverb telling “when” or “how often.” Every day, he comes into the classroom ten minutes late.

27. Everyone vs. Every one Everyone is a pronoun, which should be used only when you can substitute everybody. Everyone who answers the questionnaire will win a prize! Every one is a phrase made up of the adjective every and the pronoun one. Every one of the players was angry with their captain.

28. In, Into, and In to In means “within.” If you walk in a room, you move around within it. Into means “from the outside to the inside.” If you walk into a room, heads might turn as you enter. In to is two words: to being a preposition and in being closely related to the preceding adverb. I turned my paper in to my teacher. Don’t give in to temptation.

29. It’s vs. Its Its is the possessive case. The dog took its bone back to its doghouse. The computer took its time loading. It’s is the contraction for It + is. It’s too late! It’s the only thing that makes them smile.

30. Lay vs. Lie Lay is a verb that means “to put [something] in its place.” The past tense is laid. Lay the napkins on the table, if they’ve not already been laid.

31. Lay vs. Lie (cont.) Lie means “to rest, “to recline,” or “to be in a certain place.” It does not take a direct object. I might go lie down. I’m not feeling well. The present participle is lying. I left the napkin lying on the table. One problem is that lay is the past tense of lie. The seed lay on the ground. Lain is the past participle of lie. The seed had lain on the ground without watering, so it died.

32. May versus Might Both usually point to the future, but may carries a more positive connotation than might. May shows better odds, too. We think we may play as early as Friday, but we might have to wait until Wednesday.

33. Cite vs. Site The word cite is a verb that means to mention or quote as an authority or example. The word site means a particular place.

34. Disinterested vs. Uninterested The word disinterested means “impartial.” –Let a disinterested person judge the dispute. (an impartial person) The word uninterested means “not interested in.” –The man is uninterested in our dispute. (not interested)

35. Peak vs. pique (as verbs) The verb peak means to “achieve a maximum or to bring to a maximum.” –The popularity of the show Cheers peaked in the late 1980s. The verb pique means “to provoke or arouse,” or “to provoke resentment or indignation.” –Which sport piques your interest the most: hockey or football?

36. Elicit vs. Illicit The verb elicit means “to bring out” or “to evoke.” –The teacher tried to elicit a response from the students. The adjective illicit means “unlawful.” –The illicit material was confiscated immediately.

37. Adverse vs. Averse Adverse means “unfavorable.” –That could have an adverse effect on your health. Averse means “opposed” or “reluctant,” and is usually followed by “to.” –I am very averse to any vacation that poses a threat to my safety.

38. Continual vs. Continuous The word continual means “repeated regularly and frequently.” –The continual interruptions became tedious. The word continuous means “extended or prolonged without interruption.” –The broken siren made a continuous wail.

39. Coarse vs. Course The word coarse is an adjective meaning “rough” or “crude” I scraped my arm on the coarse cement. My skin is coarse during the winter months.

40. Coarse vs. Course (cont.) The word course is a noun meaning “part of a meal,” “a series of studies,” “a playing field,” or a “path of action.” It is a four course meal. The speech course made me nervous. The golf course was difficult to play. You are on a good course in life.