1. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 31 Sensory Alterations

2. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Anatomy and Physiology  Ear  Eye 31-2

3. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Speech and Language: Normal Language Development  Receptive language  Expressive language 31-3

4. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Speech and Language Disorders  Incidence and etiology  Clinical manifestations  Diagnosis: Language screening instruments  Treatment  Nursing management 31-4

5. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Hearing Impairment  Normal hearing development  Hearing loss o Incidence and etiology Congenital Acquired 31-5 (continues)

6. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Hearing Impairment (continued) o Classification and pathophysiology Conductive hearing loss Sensorineural hearing loss Mixed conductive-sensorineural hearing loss o Clinical manifestations o Diagnosis o Treatment 31-6

7. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Nursing Management  Assessment  Nursing diagnosis o Impaired verbal communication o Disturbed body image o Delayed growth and development o Interrupted family processes 31-7 (continues)

8. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Nursing Management (continued)  Outcome identification  Planning/implementation  Evaluation 31-8

9. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Vision Impairment  Normal development  Visual impairment o Incidence and etiology o Pathophysiology o Clinical manifestations o Diagnosis 31-9

10. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Impairment of Visual Acuity  Refractory disorders o Incidence and etiology o Pathophysiology Myopia Hyperopia Astigmatism o Clinical manifestations o Diagnosis and treatment o Nursing management and family teaching 31-10

11. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Impairment of Muscular Efficiency: Strabismus  Condition where the visual lines of each eye do not simultaneously focus on the same object in space because of a lack of muscle coordination, resulting in a crossed-eye appearance  Incidence and etiology  Pathophysiology  Clinical manifestations 31-11 (continues)

12. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Impairment of Muscular Efficiency: Strabismus (continued)  Diagnosis o Hirschberg corneal light reflex test o Cover test o Esotropia o Exotropia o Hypertropia  Treatment  Nursing management 31-12

13. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Impairment of Muscular Efficiency: Amblyopia  Reduction or loss of vision in one eye unrelated to an organic cause  Incidence and etiology  Pathophysiology  Clinical manifestations  Diagnosis and treatment  Nursing management 31-13

14. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Physical Integrity: Cataract  Opacity of the crystalline lens of the eye  Incidence and etiology  Pathophysiology  Clinical manifestations  Diagnosis and treatment 31-14 (continues)

15. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Physical Integrity: Cataract (continued)  Nursing management o Assessment o Nursing diagnosis o Outcome identification o Planning/implementation o Family teaching: Postoperative home care 31-15

16. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Physical Integrity: Glaucoma  Rare, but serious, visual impairment that, if untreated, can potentially end in blindness  Incidence and etiology  Pathophysiology 31-16 (continues)

17. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Physical Integrity: Glaucoma (continued)  Clinical manifestations o Epiphora (excessive tearing) o Photophobia o Buphthalmos (haziness or clouding of the cornea) o Pain  Diagnosis and treatment  Nursing management/family teaching: Care of child following surgery 31-17

18. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Eye Infections: Conjunctivitis  Incidence and etiology  Pathophysiology  Clinical manifestations  Diagnosis and treatment  Nursing management/family teaching: Preventing spread of contagious eye drainage 31-18

19. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Sensorineural Blindness  Incidence and etiology  Pathophysiology  Clinical manifestations  Diagnosis and treatment  Nursing management 31-19

20. Copyright © 2012 Delmar Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Eye Trauma  Incidence and etiology  Pathophysiology  Clinical manifestations  Diagnosis and treatment  Nursing management  Incidence and etiology  Emergency treatment  Nursing management 31-20