1. MLL Workshop on Future Science 2019 and beyond, 16.Dec.2015 The accelerator, as seen by.. 1 From LBNL Image Library Collection by Dave Judd and Ronn MacKenzie

2. MLL Workshop on Future Science 2019 and beyond, 16.Dec.2015 Some Accelerator Requirements clinical studiesmedical sciencematerial sciencefundamental res. & developments energyE > 200 MeV (p), E > 300 MeV/u (8>Z>1) E >200 MeV (p), E >100 MeV/u (all ions) E ~ 100 MeV (p), E ~ 100 MeV/u all ions intensityI < 10 nA typ 1 nA (p), but  I < 1% no principle limits I < 10 pnA no principle limits I >1 pnA extractionquasi DC micro bunches slow quasi DC –fast (  s) slow quasi DC – fast (  s) fast pulses pulse variation ionsprotons, light ions protons, light ions heavy ions (e.g. I, Xe) spot1mm pencil beam scan sub-mm brilliance 1mm, well defined profile extrasreliabilitylarge acceptance 2 parameters increase the field

3. MLL Workshop on Future Science 2019 and beyond, 16.Dec.2015 Accelerator Parameters energy is not the only interesting parameter : intensity stability beam spot pulse duration micro structure maintenance space requirement investment / operation costs medical approval? ……….. p-linacs p-synchrotrons cyclotrons no forefront of development but reliable state of the art 3

4. MLL Workshop on Future Science 2019 and beyond, 16.Dec.2015 LINAC pros: high intensity quasi DC large acceptance cons: size, expensive?, optimized A/Q - or… lots of different high tech stability ? current a field of development especially for HI 4

5. MLL Workshop on Future Science 2019 and beyond, 16.Dec.2015 Varian Cyclotron E = 250MeV fixed energy variation by degrader (higher shielding costs) high intensity (1 uA ) fast switching on off 50  s on – off time currently developed: H 2 +, HI fixed microstructure very compact (lower cost for hall / operation) Marco Schippers PSI: MLL 10.12.15 3.4m 5

6. MLL Workshop on Future Science 2019 and beyond, 16.Dec.2015 Scanning with a Synchrotron 6 pencil beam scan extraction cycles time I 1s

7. MLL Workshop on Future Science 2019 and beyond, 16.Dec.2015 First Layout Ideas controls entrance labs new pre-accelerator hall SF 6 synchrotron: Ø 20m cave1: 11x11 m 2 cave2: 8 x 8 m 2 cave3: 6 x 4 m 2 2100 m 2 floor space d = 3m wall (guess) pre-acc-hall : 500 m 2, d = 1.5 m wall lab. building 500 m 2 2 floors = 1000m 2 7 Paul Bolton

8. MLL Workshop on Future Science 2019 and beyond, 16.Dec.2015 Marburger Synchrotron 8

9. MLL Workshop on Future Science 2019 and beyond, 16.Dec.2015 Side View hall access infrastructure door 9 view point existing wallcave2 beam- line

10. MLL Workshop on Future Science 2019 and beyond, 16.Dec.2015 Guessing some Numbers synchrotron: Ø 20m ca. 12 M€ acc-building: cave1: 11x11 m 2 cave2: 8 x 8 m 2 cave3: 6 x 4 m 2 2100 m 2 floor space d = 3m wall (guess) ca. 14 M€ beamline :ca. 4 M€ pre-accelerator: ca. 3 M€ pre-building : 500 m 2, d = 1.5 m wall ca. 2 M€ office building 500 m 2 2 floors = 1000m 2 ca. 3 M€ ------------------------------ total: ca. 38 M€ 10

11. MLL Workshop on Future Science 2019 and beyond, 16.Dec.2015 Open Questions how much space is needed to prepare the beam for injection how to merge the injectors? (Do we need linac beam in Halle I ? ) radiation safety at 250MeV (how does shielding depend on the intensity?) how many fixed installations are needed …….more to come from this workshop…………………. 11 Injection efficiency Example: pulsed Tandem source: 100  A (BNL) 10 turn injection, multi bunch operation need of I p = 2 nA at 2-3 sec. cycle time. I I for heavy ions scaled by charge state spread? and a political issue

12. MLL Workshop on Future Science 2019 and beyond, 16.Dec.2015 RHIC pulsed Tandem sources bunch merging in the Booster E booster = 95 MeV/u different harmonics for different ions all technology developed STAR PHENIX AGS LINAC BOOSTER Pol. H - Source Spin Rotators (longitudinal polarization) Solenoid Partial Siberian Snake 200 MeV Polarimeter AGS Internal Polarimeter Rf DipoleAGS pC Polarimeters Strong Helical AGS Snake Spin Rotators (longitudinal polarization) 2005 switched to EBIS + Linac for higher intensity and to avoid Tandem upgrade 12

13. MLL Workshop on Future Science 2019 and beyond, 16.Dec.2015 Legnaro Facility SC Booster ALPI Positive Ion Injector PIAVE ECRIS Alice 350kV platform EX. Hall 3 switching from a Tandem to a q+ injector (PIAVE) MORE CURRENT HEAVIER MASSES MORE BEAM TIME AVAILABLE ( TWO INJECTORS) 13