1. Unit 1 Mix and Flow of Matter Topic 3 Separating Earth’s Mixtures Remember to name and date your notes!

2. Desalinating Water Desalinating water means to remove salt from salty water.

3. Dehydration – the process of removing water from a solution. Water is removed through evaporation.

4. Distillation Distillation is a method that allows all liquid ingredients of a mixture to be separated and collected.

5. Distillation cont’d.

6. Processing Petroleum Petroleum products such as kerosene, gasoline, and diesel, are used to create energy which powers our vehicles, produces electricity, etc. When petroleum is pumped out of the ground, it is a raw product which must be refined so that we can use it.

7. Processing Petroleum Fractional distillation is the process used to create different petroleum products. Petroleum is a collection of substances that are soluble in each other, but not water. Each substance condenses at a different temperature.

8. Processing Petroleum A tower heats the petroleum so that all ingredients vaporize. Vapors are then pumped into another tower where they rise. As they rise, they cool. Some ingredients cool and condense at higher temps – at the bottom of the tower.

10. Processing Petroleum Remaining vapors continue to rise. Different ones cool at different levels in the tower. Near the top of the tower, which is the coolest part, a few vapours remain as a gas and are burned off.