1. Reconstructing Primary Succession Rebecca Franklin Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 rebecca@ltrr.arizona.edu

2. Primary succession Succession? Secondary succession? Primary succession?

3. Successional Theory Seral stages Facilitation (i.e. primary succession on forefields Inhibition (i.e. forest succession- intolerant trees) Tolerance (i.e. forest succession- tolerant trees) Initial floristics (all species present at beginning, some live longer, are more dominant at different seral stages) Relay floristics (communities/species replace each other like runners in a race)

4. Methods for studying primary succession Dendrochronology Repeat observations of permanent plots Observation of many different aged plots at one time (space for time substitution) Historical archives: repeat photos, aerial photos, journals, old paintings etc Understory/overstory relations Herbchronology

6. Case studies: Dune Succession (150 – 300 yrs) –Great Lakes area, Indiana Dunes National Seashore Sand> Grasses> Cottonwood> Pine> Oak Kettle Bog Succession (500 – 1000 yrs) –Northern Glacial Lakes Water >Sphagnum moss >Shrubs >Spruce >Beech-Maple Glacial forefields/Moraines (150 – 300 yrs) –Glacier Bay, Alaska Till > Lichens mosses > Dryas > Willows > Alder > Spruce

7. How was p.s reconstr at Gl B What were mechan. Of p.s. at Gl B