1. GE Transportation Freight, Fuel, & Emissions Introduction to Engineering Design EDGSN 100 Section 002 The Inglorious Brezniaks / (Team 2) (Mahesh P. Pai, http://www.personal.psu.edu/mpp5194, mpp5194@psu.edu)http://www.personal.psu.edu/mpp5194 (Max Hyatt, http://www.personal.psu.edu/mzh5622/, mzh5622)http://www.personal.psu.edu/mzh5622/ (James Zhao, http://www.personal.psu.edu/gbz5005/, gbz5005)http://www.personal.psu.edu/gbz5005/ (Xavier Galgano, http://www.personal.psu.edu/xfg5002/, xfg5002)http://www.personal.psu.edu/xfg5002/ Presented to: Prof. Berezniak Date: 12/10/2015

2. Introduction Project Objectives. Pittsadelphia is looking for the design of a cost-effective solution for its freight that reduces smog and meets EPA requirements, while maintaining or increasing freight capacity into and out of this important port city. We need to transport 165,000 tons of coal 2

3. Transportation Infrastructure Condition and Capacity With the exception of the rail system it would appear that the Pennsylvania has poor conditions of travel. Such method would include waterways, roads and bridges. All such methods have been rated on average a D on the infrastructure report card. The report card is essentially a system to rate the infrastructure of the nation in terms that many could understand. It is similar to the PSSA testing in which the infrastructure systems are rated accordingly and noted by the particular institutions. This information is available on many sources online for research. 3

4. Standard Capacity for Alternate Transportation Modes Cargo Capacity. The capacities due to the size and engineering behind the vehicle provide different capacities. for example the capacity for a barge is 1,500 tons, 52,500 bushels, or 453600 gallons. A rail cars capacity is 100 tons, 3500 bushels, or 30240 gallons. likewise for a 100 car freight train the capacity would be. 10,000 tons, 5,250,000 bushels, or 45,360,000 gallons. An large semi would have a capacity of 26 tons, 910 bushels, or 7865 gallons.[Provide cargo capacity image] 4

5. Transportation Costs and Concept of Operations (ConOps) The major system components of a train are its diesel engine, radiator, sand box, air compressor, truck frame, motor blower, traction motor, pinion and gear, wheel, batteries, control stand, fuel tank, electronic controls, inverters, air taker, auxiliary alternator, main alternator, turbo charger, radiator fan, and radiator. A train works by having all of these parts working together and having a driver watch over everything. A train runs on a very tight schedule and runs on a railroad so all trains follow the same path. 5

6. EPA Diesel Emission Standards Tier 0-2: Tier 0-2 Standards are centered around basic regulations put forth by multiple industries in an effort to reduce pollution and emissions. Tier 3-4: Tier 3-4 Standards are based on the fundamental believe that the vehicle and the fuel are an integrated system. 6

7. Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions (DEEE) Refuel is a way to reduce diesel emission. A variety of alternative fuels can be used in diesel engines. Some require little or no modification to the engine while others require engine conversion or replacement. In addition, rebuild is another way to reduce diesel emission. All diesel equipment requires periodic maintenance. Routine maintenance and repairs help to ensure that engines operate at maximum performance and emission rates do not exceed the designed standard. 7

8. Locomotive Fleet Upgrade After-treatment system is a system that treats post-combustion exhaust gases prior to tailpipe emission and it differs from emission reduction techniques in the combustion process. In addition, after treatment system also allows for greater power from the engine without worrying about emissions increasing. Thus, using of after-treatment systems on Tier 2 locomotives is a strategy to upgrade the existing locomotive fleet to meet EPS Tier 3- 4 requirement. After Treatment required for Dual Fuel Locomotives to reduce CO and Non-Methane Hydrocarbons in exhaust to below Tier 3 levels 8

9. Summary Locomotives appear to be the best option based on environmental concerns and economic safety. Most methods of transportation in and out of Pittsadelphia should be locomotive in nature, and most goods should enter through trains. In addition to this, these locamotives should begin using alternative biodiesel fuel for greater environmental safety, seeing as how they will be doing the bulk of the transporting. 9

10. Closing Go biodiesel. After-treatment system is a system that treats post-combustion exhaust gases prior to tailpipe emission and it differs from emission reduction techniques in the combustion process. In addition, after treatment system also allows for greater power from the engine without worrying about emissions increasing. Thus, using of after-treatment systems on Tier 2 locomotives is a strategy to upgrade the existing locomotive fleet to meet EPS Tier 3- 4 requirement. After Treatment required for Dual Fuel Locomotives to reduce CO and Non-Methane Hydrocarbons in exhaust to below Tier 3 levels 10