1. Sigma Institute Of Engineering at Bakrol,- 390019 1 Guided by:- Ratan Panchal Vikrant Prajapati Windows and ventilation Submitted By:- Rajput Ashish (130500106039) Shaikh Jamal (130500106045) Sharma Amit (130500106046) Shiroya Bhavin(130500106048) 1

2. Flow of Presentation 1 Windows  Introduction.  Size of windows.  Design of windows.  Types of windows. 2 Ventilators 2

3. Introduction  A window is defined as an opening made in a wall of a building for the purpose of providing natural light, natural ventilation and vision.  The construction of windows is identical to that of door. Window consists of a window frame and shutter.  The frame consists of two vertical members called jambs, one flat member connecting the jambs at top, known as head and another flat member connecting jambs at their feet, known as sill.  The shutter can be fully glazed, panelled and glazed or fully panelled type. Windows are provided with two leaves. 3

4. Sizes of Windows 4

5. Casement window  These are the windows, the shutters of which open like doors.  The construction of casement window is just similar to door construction.  A casement window consists of a frame, horizontal rails and panels or glass panes with such bars. 8

6. Steel window  Steel window can be fixed direct in the masonry opening in the wall or it may be fitted in a wooden frame fixed in the window opening in the wall.  In case of brick masonry, the steel window is fixed to the opening with the help of small sized hold fasts also known as lugs. 9

7. Bay window  These windows project outside the external walls of a room.  They may be square, splayed, circular or polygonal in shape.  These windows admit more light, increase opening, area and improve the appearance of the building. 10

8. Clear storey window  These windows are provided near the top of main roof.  These windows are provided in a room which has greater ceiling height than the surrounding rooms.  Clear storey windows provided ventilation to the inside of the room and improve the appearance of building. 11

9. Corner window  These windows are provided at the corner of a room.  By use of this windows it is possible to ensure light and ventilation from two direction at right angles.  It also improves the elevation of the building. 12

10. Dormer window  It is a vertical window provided in the sloping roof.  The main purpose of providing dormer window is to admit light and air in the building.  It also serves as an architectural feature to the building. 13

11. Sky light window  These are the windows, provided on the slopping surface of a pitched roof.  The opening For the sky light is made by cutting the common rafter suitably.  The window is kept parallel to the sloping surface, with fixed glass panels. 14

12. Lantern window  Such window are provided over the flat roofs, to provide more light and air to the inner rooms of a building.  They may be square, rectangular or curved. Glass panels are generally fixed.  If ventilation is also required in addition to light, pivoted windows may be provided. 15

13. Gable window  The window provided in the gable end of a pitched roof is known as gable window.  It is a vertical window.  A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a dual pitched roof.  Gable ends of more recent building are often treated in the same way as the classic pediment form. 16

14. Double hung window  These windows are the traditional style of window in the UK, and many other places that were formerly colonized by the UK, with two parts that overlaps slightly and slide up and down inside the frame.  Double hung windows were traditionally often fitted with shutters. 17

15. Sliding window  Sliding window are used where reliable in order delivery of packets is required. 18

16. Pivoted window  Pivot window are developed to provided opening method allowing cleaning from the inside whilst maximizing performance and retaining a traditional appearance.  The mechanics of the system used within pivot windows allow for a wide range of shapes and are able to support large weights. 19

17. Ventilation  A ventilator may be defined as a narrow window of small height provided near the roof of a room for providing ventilation in the room.  The ventilator has a frame and a shutter, generally glazed, which is horizontally pivoted. The shutter can be opened or closed by means of, two cards, one attached to the top rail and other to the bottom rail of the shutter.  The top edge of the shutter opens inside and the bottom edge opens outside, so that rail water is excluded.  Normally, the following sizes of ventilators are adopted: 20

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