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Cause and effect of mutation www.assignmentpoint.com.

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Presentation on theme: "Cause and effect of mutation www.assignmentpoint.com."— Presentation transcript:

1 Cause and effect of mutation www.assignmentpoint.com

2 What causes mutation Spontaneous Increases caused by environmental factors UV light X-rays Benzene, formaldehyde, carbon tetrachloride www.assignmentpoint.com

3 Gametic and somatic mutations Gametic – testis of males, ovaries of females, inherited Somatic – in normal body cells occuring beyond zygote formation, not inherited but may effect the person during their lifetime. Chimaeras www.assignmentpoint.com

4 Mutagens and their effects Ionising radiation – Nuc radiation, xrays, gamma rays (e.g. medical treatment) associated with development of cancers (e.g. leukaemia, thyroid cancer and skin cancer www.assignmentpoint.com

5 Mutagens and their effects Viruses and microorganisms – integrate into human chromosome, upset genes and can trigger cancer www.assignmentpoint.com

6 Mutagens and their effects Environmental poisons – Organic solvents such as formaldehyde, tobacco, coal tars, benzene, asbestos, some dyes www.assignmentpoint.com

7 Mutagens and their effects Alcohol and diet – High alcohol intake increase the risk of some cancers. Diet high in fat and those containing burned or highly preserved meat www.assignmentpoint.com

8 The effect of muations Not all are harmful Survival advantage Most common among bacteria and viruses but also seen in insects If no selective pressure may remain in population www.assignmentpoint.com

9 Harmful mutations Cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anaemia Disfunctional proteins Albinism – caused by mutation in gene of enzyme pathway of melanin www.assignmentpoint.com

10 Beneficial mutations Bacteria – antibiotic resistance through mutation, transfer between bacterial species Superbugs such as MRSA have arisen this way RNA viruses – such as HIV – mutates it’s protein coat so that the host human is unable to make antibodies quick enough against it www.assignmentpoint.com

11 Neutral mutations Neither harmful or beneficial to the organism but may be important in an evolutionary sense Silent mutations Virtually impossible to detect because no observable effect www.assignmentpoint.com

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