1. I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. - I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. - I understand safety precautions for an earthquake. Aim: I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. - I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. - I understand safety precautions for an earthquake. Do Now: Trivia Crack  January 5, 2016 HW: Earthquake & Volcano Quiz Friday

2. What Happens to Rock? ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY - MOST sedimentary rocks show ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY Dun Briste, Ireland

3. CRACK Faulted - displaced along a CRACK

4. BENT or CURVED Folded- BENT or CURVED

5. I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. I understand safety precautions for an earthquake. I understand safety precautions for an earthquake.

6. What is an Earthquake? Natural rapid shaking of LITHOSPHERE (CRUST) LITHOSPHERE (CRUST) ENERGY Releases ENERGY stored in rocks

7. Where do Earthquakes START? BENEATH FOCUS –Start at one Point BENEATH earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress called FOCUS ON -Point ON surface directly above focus is called EPICENTER

9. Measuring Earthquakes SEISMOGRAPH - Instruments used to measure earthquake called SEISMOGRAPH SEISMOGRAMThe recording is called a SEISMOGRAM

10. Measuring Earthquakes SEISMIC WAVES -Energy of quake is carried through SEISMIC WAVES 3 TYPES: 1) P waves 2) S waves 3) SURFACE WAVES

11. P waves PRIMARY - PRIMARY WAVES SAME - Vibrate in the SAME direction the waves are moving SOLIDS LIQUIDS - Move through SOLIDS & LIQUIDS - FIRST - FIRST to arrive at epicenter FAST - Moves FAST

12. S waves SECONDARY WAVES -SECONDARY WAVES RIGHT ANGLES -Vibrate at RIGHT ANGLES to the direction the waves are moving SOLIDS -Move ONLY through SOLIDS SECOND -SECOND to arrive at epicenter -Moves SLOW

13. I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. I understand safety precautions for an earthquake. I understand safety precautions for an earthquake.

14. Surface Waves Form when P and S waves reach the surface Move slowest Cause most severe shaking

15. Detecting & Measuring Seismic Waves -3 rating scales to measure earthquakes: 1. Mercalli- based on intensity and damage done 2. Richter- based on size of seismic waves 3. Moment Magnitude- based on total energy released.

16. Mercalli Scale

17. Richter Scale

18. Moment magnitude scale OFTEN Most OFTEN used to measure strength of earthquake Use HEIGHT Use HEIGHT of wiggles on seismograms to infer total amount of energy DON’T WRITE

19. Tsunami LARGE OCEAN A LARGE OCEAN wave UNDERWATER EARTHQUAKE Caused by an UNDERWATER EARTHQUAKE 77.4 ft High Waves 3/11/11 in Japan

20. I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. I understand safety precautions for an earthquake. I understand safety precautions for an earthquake.

21. Earthquake SAFETY? 1) Stand in a doorway. 2) DROP, COVER, HOLD During an Earthquake: Prepare for a future Earthquake 1) Earthquake DRILLS 2) Proper PLANNING & CONSTRUCTION of building

22. Earthquake & Tsunami in Japan March 11, 2011

23. Earthquakes 101 http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/101-videos/earthquake- 101 Eyewitness video of Japan earthquake http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12716204 Tsunami 101 http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/101-videos/tsunami-101