1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 1 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Mapping FAO’s AGROVOC Thesaurus and the Chinese Agricultural Thesaurus (CAT) Anita Liang July 26, 2005 Sixth AOS Workshop Vila Real, Portugal

2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 2 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Outline The goals Benefits Project outputs Characteristics of the terminologies Definitions Guidelines Mapping Outputs Issues

3. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 3 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 To draw equivalences between corresponding concepts within the two agricultural terminologies To enrich and structurally improve both sources The goals CAT Chinese world view MAPPING AGROVOC English world view

4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 4 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Benefits Multilinguality: improved language coverage Domain coverage: improved domain coverage Interoperability: IS, applications

5. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 5 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Project outputs (1)a mapping file that links corresponding concepts from CAT to AGROVOC (2)a list of modifications to be applied to AGROVOC that serve both to improve its content and to provide a valid mapping

6. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 6 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Comparison AGROVOC: –27736 English terms: 16769 descriptors, 10967 non descriptors –25060 Chinese terms: 16628 descriptors, 8432 non descriptors –It is hierarchically structured with BT/NT relations. It has associative relations RT and UF/USE, as well as UF+. CAT: –Chinese terms: 64638 (51614 descriptors, 13024 non- descriptors) –English terms: 90% descriptors (10% have both English and Latin translations or no translations), no non- descriptors –It is hierarchically structured with BT/NT relations and contains associative relations RT, UF/USE.

7. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 7 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Definitions: Mapping v. integration integration of different sources into a single unified thesaurus, may involve complete restructuring of both sources, recoverability and integrity of original sources less a priority than the overall logical consistency of the integrated product mapping of one source to the other, i.e., sources are revised, but each retains their original structure, mutual consistency is desirable but less a priority than establishing approximate equivalences

8. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 8 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Definitions (cont’d) The source vocabulary is CAT; the target vocabulary is AGROVOC. Mapping means linking an entry in the source vocabulary to an entry in the target vocabulary. A term is a lexical representation of a concept. An entry in CAT consists of the Chinese term and any English translation(s) along with its relations to other entries. An entry in AGROVOC consists of at least one English or Chinese term along with their translations as well as its relations to other entries. ==> entry = concept

9. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 9 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Mapping between entries/concepts AGROVOC CAT zh term en term zh term en term fr term es term mapping CAT_ID = 123 (CAT termcode) AGROVOC_ID = 345 (AGROVOC termcode)

10. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 10 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Working formats What we have: RDBMS AGROVOC scheme (MySQL) CAT scheme (MySQL) What we need: RDF(S)-based SKOS? OWL Lite

11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 11 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Guidelines: General (1/4) Entries should be mapped irrespective of their status as descriptors or non-descriptors Mappings should be between entry IDs, not term IDs. Many to one: multiple CAT entries can be mapped to the same entry in the target vocabulary One to many: an entry in CAT can be mapped to one or more entries in the target vocabulary Mapping relations are based on SKOS Mapping relations and should include only the following: –Exact –Broader/Narrower (subsumption) –AND, OR, NOT

12. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 12 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Guidelines: Source/Target Modifications (2/4) When a gap occurs in either vocabulary because the corresponding term is missing, the term should be added to the appropriate vocabulary. When a gap occurs in the target vocabulary because the concept does not exist : –If there is no parent in the target vocabulary to which it could be matched, then add the concept to the target vocabulary. Add the Chinese even if the English does not exist. Try to put relations where possible. Then do an exact mapping.

13. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 13 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Guidelines: Source/Target Modifications (3/4) Wrong translations should be fixed in both sources. Inconsistencies should be fixed within the terminologies cat_zh1 BT cat_zh2 agr_zh1 UF agr_zh2 Conflicting semantics should be fixed within the terminologies cat_zh1 BT cat_zh2  cat_en1 BT cat_en2 agr_zh1 NT agr_zh2  agr_en1 NT agr_en2

14. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 14 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Guidelines: Source/Target Modifications (4/4) If two source entries need to be added to target vocabulary (but they have the same English translation), put a scope note or a definition to explain the difference.

15. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 15 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Mapping: exactMatch If CAT entry A and AGROVOC entry B mean the same thing, i.e., are synonymous, they should be exact matches. e.g., zh1 and zh2 are synonyms cat_zh1 / cat_en1agr_zh2 / agr_en1 exactMatch

16. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 16 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Mapping: broaderMatch B is a concept that exists in CAT but not in AGROVOC solution 1) broaderMatch solution 2) add the concept in the target (only in the original language) and do an exactMatch a_A c_A c_B broaderMatch exactMatch

17. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 17 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 A is a concept that exists in CAT but not in AGROVOC solution 1) narrowMatch solution 2) add the concept a_B in the target (only in the original language) and do an exactMatch Mapping: narrowMatch a_A c_A narrowMatch a_B exactMatch

18. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 18 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Problem? CAT has concept { Mathematics } containing nearly 200 narrower terms AGROVOC has concept { Mathematics } with no narrow terms ==> Map all 200 CAT terms as broaderMatch to ag_Mathematics?

19. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 19 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Mapping: inheritance (1/3) Map every source entries at the most general level in the target vocabulary. 1.Map c_A to a_A 2.Descendants of c_A are by inheritance mapped as descendants of a_A 3.If there are corresponding descendants of c_A and a_A, they should be mapped. c_D a_D a_A c_A c_Ba_B 1 3 a_A c_A c_B c_C a_B 1 2 3 c_C a_C 2

20. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 20 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Mapping process: inheritance (2/3) Another type of inheritance: 1.Map c_A to a_A1 with exactMatch 2.If there are corresponding descendants of c_A and a_A, they should be mapped (c_B with a_B2). 3.Descendant of c_B are by inheritance mapped as descendants of a_B2 c_D c_A c_B c_D 1 exactMatch a_A1 c_C a_B1 3 a_A2 a_B2 2 c_C

21. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 21 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Mapping: inheritance (3/3) In case of partial inheritance, do not map single children (fig. 1), but map the parent and exclude using NOT the entries that should not be mapped (fig. 2). c_foa_fo a_B a_D a_C NOT c_foa_fo a_B a_D a_C

22. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 22 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 The output (1/2) 中国 China

23. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 23 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Application JSP Page cow search search terms FAOBIB AGRIS (chinese) RDF mapping results AGROVOC RDF search records CAT RDF CAAS Bibliogr. DB

24. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 24 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Issues SKOS mapping –“interlingua”: language independence - mapping is oriented towards source terminology –Set theory metaphor: Difficult to put into practice Both terminologies are multilingual in overlapping languages - what is being mapped?

25. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN Library and Documentation Systems Division Slide 25 July 2005 Mapping CAT to AGROVOC 6 th AOS Workshop Vila Real (Portugal) 26-27 July 2005 Thank you.