1. AP World History Review Period 1: Technological and Environmental Transformations

2. Period 1 Key Concepts 1.1 Big Geography & the Peopling of the Earth 1.2 The Neolithic Revolution & Early Agricultural Societies 1.3 The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies

3. Period 1 Key Concepts 1. Big Geography & the Peopling of the Earth I. During the Paleolithic Era (pre-10,000 BCE ) hunter-gatherers gradually migrated from East Africa to Eurasia, Australia and the Americas, adapting their technology and cultures.

4. Key Concepts (In Question Form) 1. Big Geography & the Peopling of the Earth  What is the evidence that explains the earliest history of humans and the planet?  Where did humans first appear on Earth, and what were the characteristics of their society, religion, technology, economy and culture?  How did the earliest humans procure enough supplies to survive?

5. Q: What is the evidence that explains the earliest history of humans and the planet? “Out of Africa” migrations Theory based on Archeological EvidenceOut of Africa

6. Q: How is this evidence interpreted? Archaeological Evidence: “Lucy” Louis & Mary Leakey Richard Leakey, 1979 “Lucy” skeleton Footprints in Olduvai Gorge, eastern Africa

7. Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … Society?  Little if any social classes no possessions to distinguish rich/poor, powerful/weak  Egalitarian (equal but not identical work & value of both genders’ contributions) Men probably hunted, women foraged/gathered.  Small bands/communities (30-50 people) How do we know this?  Comparison to modern hunter-gatherer societies

8. Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … Culture?  Art – cave painting  Religion – most likely animistic  Architecture – simple  Tools – stone, wood, but no wheel until several millennia later  Technology – Fire (post-8,000 BCE )

9. Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … Religion?  Most likely animistic.

10. Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … Technology?  Stone Tools/Weapons Specially adapted to different environments. (What works in the tropics won’t in the tundra!)

11. Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … Technology?  Stone Tools/Weapons (no wheel yet!)  Fire Useful in slash & burn agriculture Protection against animals Keeping warm in cold climates Food

12. Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … Economy?  Small kinship groups of 30-50 people. Some were self-sufficient  Trade, including … People Ideas Goods  Very limited range of contact w/ other groups

13. 1.3 The Development & Interactions of Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies What are the characteristics of a “civilization?” (or “complex society”)  Cities, Social structure?  Religious beliefs & practices?  Political structure?  Economic activity?  Record Keeping?

14. Q: By 600 BCE, what were the characteristics of ancient humans’ … Society  Elites (military, religious, political) present in most/all civilizations.  Most political rulers claimed some kind of divinity or divine support, supported by the religious hierarchy & professional warriors. Zhou Dynasty’s “Mandate of Heaven” Mesopotamia’s Epic of GilgameshEpic of Gilgamesh India’s Lawbook of Manu Popul Vuh in the Americas

15. Resources for Additional Info David Christian: TED Talk on Big HistoryTED Talk on Big History John Green’s “Crash Course” videos.  #1 The Agricultural RevolutionThe Agricultural Revolution  #2 Indus Valley CivilizationIndus Valley Civilization  #3 MesopotamiaMesopotamia  #4 Ancient EgyptAncient Egypt