Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. December 2009 3DIM Indoor Special Session 71st OGC Technical Committee Mountain View, CA Carl Reed December.

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Thanks for attending this special session Many requirements and use cases in multiple domains for –Sharing floor plans –Expressing indoor location –Indoor navigation –Transformations between indoor/outdoor reference systems –Visualization of the indoor built environment.

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Where is the information posted Publicly accessible site on OGCNetwork –http://www.ogcnetwork.net/node/624http://www.ogcnetwork.net/node/624 Any other references, please let me know!

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Coordination Issues Since many different organizations, including standards development organizations, are working on various aspects of the problem. Therefore, coordination and collaboration are important. Which is why we are having this special meeting.

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Agenda Indoor Spatial Awareness - Prof. Jiyeong Lee Introduction to IndoorML - Claus Nagel, Technical University Berlin Open Floor Plan Project - David Coggeshall, San Francisco Communications, MapLab Project. With Rex Brooks and Steve Ray. Proposed Interior Location Extensions to PIDF-LO (IETF) -Peter Thornycroft, ARUBA Systems Indoor Information Infrastructure - Olaf Wessler, Cougar Bay GmbH, Roland Wagner ISO related work – Ubiquitous Public Access and Logical location identification scheme (19151 and 19154). - Carl Reed for TC 211

3D Indoor Space: Indoor Spatial Awareness 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings Mountain View, CA, USA Date: December 8, 2009 Jiyeong Lee, Ph.D. Department of Geoinformatics The University of Seoul, South Korea Indoor Spatial Awareness Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Overview:  Part I: Research Background and Motivations;  Part II: Research Challenges;  Part III: Indoor Spatial Awareness (ISA) Project;  Part IV: Summary Indoor Spatial Awareness Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Research Background: After September 11, Madrid (2004) and London Bombings (2005) interested in developing and implementing Geo-spatial technologies to manage the disaster occurred in 3D Micro-Spatial Urban Area Requiring Intelligent Indoor Location-based System Indoor Spatial Awareness Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Evolution of Space Scale: Small Large> 10 Km> 100 m> 1 m< 1 m Geographic Scale Environmenta l Scale Vista Scale Table Scale Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Classification of Scales: TypesDescriptionApplications and Users Table ScaleSmaller than human Vista ScaleDirect interactionNavigation for Pedestrians Environmental Scale Surrounding space, No direct interaction Navigation for Cars Facility Management Geographic Scale Invisible and Imaginary Space Urban Planning, Optimal Place Micro Space Macro Space User Population Indoor Space Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Example: Google Earth TM : From 3D Outdoor to Indoor Space we want to get into the building But Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Example: 3D Car Navigation: From 3D Outdoor to Indoor Space we need the information to get into the indoor parking lot the building But Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Research Challenges:  Indoor Spatial Theory and Data Modeling;  Indoor Positioning and Tracking;  Indoor Spatial Context-Awareness Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Micro-Geography in GIS: Source: Travis Haney’s Master Thesis Store A Store B Adjacency Relationship Connectivity Relationship Indoor Spatial Awareness Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 1. Indoor Spatial Theory: Properties of Indoor Space Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 1. Indoor Spatial Theory: Geometry of Indoor Space Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 1. Indoor Spatial Theory: Symbolic Space Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 1. Indoor Spatial Theory: Example of Symbolic Space Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 2. Indoor Positioning and Tracking Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 2. Indoor Spatial Context-Awareness Contents and Context Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium ISA (Indoor Spatial Awareness) Project: Goal: To develop a computing technology for ISA ◦ To establish a basis for indoor spatial (IS) theory and data model ◦ To develop systems for building and managing indoor spatial databases ◦ To prepare a test bed for ISA project and develop pilot application systems R&D project ◦ Funded by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation from Nov. 2007 to Nov. 2011. ◦ International collaboration project:  South Korea, USA, Germany, and Denmark  France and Japan: planning to be involved Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Contents of ISA Project: Indoor Spatial Awareness Construction of Indoor Spatial DB Management of Indoor Spatial DB Application of ISA Setting up the Test Bed ISA Services Indoor Spatial Data Engine Analysis of Indoor Spatial Data Quality Control DB Editing Tool Indoor Spatial Data Model Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium ISA Services Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium ISA Project Groups: Indoor 3D Data Model and Standards Validation Tool Storage, Index, and Query Processing for Indoor Spatial Data Editing Tool Indoor Spatial Reference System Tracking and Indexing Moving Objects in Indoor Space Group 2: Editing Tool Group 1: Data Model and Mgt. System Pilot Applications Test Bed Analysis and Visualization Group 3: Test Bed and Application Commercial DBMS Sensors (RFID or RTLS) Service and Business Models Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Group 1: Overall Structure of Group 1 Data Model Team IndoorML (Extension of CityGML?) Indoor Spatial Theory - Cellular (or Symbolic) Space - R 3 Space Basic Data Model for Indoor Space Application Data Model for Indoor Space Engine Team Indoor Context Monitoring Indoor Data Storage Indoor MO Tracking ISA Server Commercial DBMS (e.g. Oracle) Tool for Sensor Placement Indexing and Query Processing Modules - Mobile Objects - Stationary Data Stream Processor Mobile ISA Client Test Environment Virtual Indoor Test Bed Sensor Simulator (Data Generator) Virtual Indoor Spatial DB Module Test Driver Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Group 1: Research Teams Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Indoor Spatial Data: Interior View (to represent Indoor Space) Exterior View (to represent Semi- or Open Space) City (or Site) View (to represent Open Space) Data Integration Data Integration / Seamless Movements Multi-Spatial Data Model Space Representations in three different views Multi-Spatial Data Model Indoor Spatial Awareness Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Indoor Spatial Data: Interior View (to represent Indoor Space) Exterior View (to represent Semi- or Open Space) City (or Site) View (to represent Open Space) Seamless Movements Seamless Movements / Data Integration Space-Oriented Data Model Represent the Relationships among SPACE: Space-Oriented Data Model Graph Representation of Space Indoor Spatial Awareness Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Space-oriented Data Model: Graph Model Poincaré Duality : A Plane Model and Its Dual in 2-D 2D Space 2D Space : Open or Semi-Closed Space f1 A Plane Model and Its Dual in 3-D S1S2 F1S1 S2F1 3D Space 3D Space : Closed Space All Topological Properties Preserved 3DGraphObject: Node-Relation Structure Indoor Spatial Awareness Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Group 1: Indoor Spatial Data Model (ISDM): SpaceObject Relation Model:  Space-oriented Connectivity Model > gml::Node 1 > Point 1 1 2 2 1 boundedBy > GenericEdgeAttribute s > GenericNodeAttribute s * > Curve > gml::Edge realizedAs 1…* 1….* 1 *1 realizedAs 1 1 > ConnectivityRelation +connectivityRelationType:xs::String 0…* > SpaceTopologyObject 2…* subspacing representTo 0…n 2…* 1 > SpaceObject +indoorSpaceID:gml::id > SpaceRelationObject +spaceRelationID:gml::id Indoor Spatial Awareness Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 1. Indoor Spatial Theory: Indoor-Outdoor Connection Indoor Spatial Awareness Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Group 1: Indoor Spatial Data Model (ISDM): Multi-Layered Space Model Indoor Spatial Awareness Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Group 1: Indoor Spatial Data Model (ISDM): ISDM Modularization: Indoor Spatial Awareness Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA > ISDM Core > City Geography Markup Language(from OGC) > ISDMBuilding > ISDMFacility > ISDMMoving > ISDMOutdoorObject > ISDMSpace > Geography Markup Language(from OGC) > ISDMGenericSpace ISDMTopology > ISDMSpaceRelationship > ISDMMulti-layered Space Model > ISDMFeature

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Group 1: Indoor Spatial Data Model (ISDM): Geometric Model Prime Model: Double Ends Extrusive Geometry ◦ Prism with 2D Upper Geometry and Lower Geometry ◦ Subdivision of a space into a set of prisms Lower Polygon Upper Polygon (x1,y1,h1)(x1,y1,h1) (x2,y2,h2)(x2,y2,h2) (x3,y3,h3)(x3,y3,h3) (x4,y4,h4)(x4,y4,h4) (x5,y5,h5)(x5,y5,h5) (x6,y6,h6)(x6,y6,h6) (x1,y1,h’1)(x1,y1,h’1) (x3,y3,h’3)(x3,y3,h’3) (x4,y4,h’4)(x4,y4,h’4) (x5,y5,h’5)(x5,y5,h’5) (x6,y6,h’6)(x6,y6,h’6) (x2,y2,h’2)(x2,y2,h’2) Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Group 1: Indoor Spatial Data Model (ISDM): Geometric Model > Geometry > ExtrusiveGeometry > GeometryCollection > MultiPoint > MultiSolid > MultiSurface > MultiPolygon > MultiCurve > MultiLineString > Point > Curve > Surface > Solid LineString > Line > Polygon > Primitive > Extrusive Point > Extrusive LineString > Extrusive Polygon 0…* 2…* 0…* 2…* 1…* 2…* Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Group 1: ISA Data Engine (Indoor Spatial DBMS) Tracking Indoor MO Existing DBMS Design Tool for Sensor Placement Query Processing for Indoor Spatial Data Sensor Data Stream Processing Indoor Spatial Theory Basic Data Model Basic Data Types and Operators Indoor Positioning Sensors Filtered Data Indexing Indoor Spatial Data Storing Indoor Spatial Data Current Positions and Trajectories Optimal Placement of Sensors Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Group 1: Indoor Spatial Data Model (ISDM): New Spatial Theory: 38 Current Spatial Data Models and Standards CItyGML GML Spatial Theory OGC SFG Interface Indoor Spatial Data Models and Standards CityGML/IndoorML Indoor Spatial Theory  Primitive Types for Indoor Spatial Objects  Topology for Indoor Spatial Objects  Operators for Indoor Spatial Objects  Data Models for Cellular Space and R3 Space Interfaces and Operators for Indoor Objects ISO19107Standard for Indoor Spatial Data Model Cellular Space Indoor/Outdoor Connection Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Group 2: Authoring Tool for Indoor Spatial DB Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Group 2: Authoring Tool for Indoor Spatial DB 40 Sketch Mode Space Mode 3D Mode Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Group 3: ISA Services and Test Bed Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Group 1: Indoor Spatial Data Model (ISDM): ISDM Modularization: Indoor Spatial Awareness Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA > ISDM Core > City Geography Markup Language(from OGC) > ISDMBuilding > ISDMFacility > ISDMMoving > ISDMOutdoorObject > ISDMSpace > Geography Markup Language(from OGC) > ISDMGenericSpace ISDMTopology > ISDMSpaceRelationship > ISDMMulti-layered Space Model > ISDMFeature IndoorML OGC Standard

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium ISA Project: Indoor Spatial Data Model (ISDM): Extension of CityGML: Level 0 Terrain Model Level 0 Terrain Model Level 1 Block Model Level 1 Block Model Level 2 Texture Model Level 2 Texture Model Level 3 Detail Architecture Model Level 3 Detail Architecture Model Level 4 Interior Model Level 4 Interior Model IndoorML - Indoor Space Model - Indoor-Outdoor Connection - Space-Relation Model - Multi-Layers Space Model CityGML Indoor Spatial Awareness Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA IFC BIM Model IFC BIM Model

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium THANK YOU! Project Web Site: http://u-indoor.org Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, South Korea E-Mail: jlee@uos.ac.kr Indoor Spatial Awareness Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Group 1: Applications: Indoor Monitoring Viewer Indoor LBS – SMS service ◦ Developed by Prof. Ki-Joune Li’s team, Pusan National Univ. 45 Demo Video Indoor Spatial Awareness Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National University and Jiyeong Lee, University of Seoul, 2009 OGC TC/PC Meetings, Mountain View, CA, USA

08.12.2009 IndoorML: A Data Model and Exchange Format for Indoor Navigation Claus Nagel Thomas Becker Thomas H. Kolbe 3DIM DWG Indoor Navigation Ad Hoc OGC/TC December 2009 Meeting, Mt. View, CA Institute for Geodesy and Geoinformation Science Berlin University of Technology {nagel | becker | kolbe}@igg.tu-berlin.de Illustration: Project u-GIS: Indoor Spatial Awareness, Korea

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium The Project “Indoor Spatial Awareness” –Indoor Navigation, Simulations, Applications –Funded by the ministry of transport of South Korea –Partners Ki-Joune Li, Pusan National Univ., Korea Jiyeong Lee, Univ. of Seoul, Korea Mike Worboys, Univ. of Maine, USA Christian S. Jensen, Aalborg Univ., Denmark –Research goals at TU Berlin: Creation of a space model that integrates the notions of Euclidean space and cellular space as well as space + activity Development of a data model comprising both 3D topography (of buildings) and the spatial characteristics of all sensors Mapping to an exchange format: IndoorML 08.12.2009

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Navigation Navigation comprises –Determination of position and (usually) orientation Communication of position needs geoinformation (typ. maps) –Addressing and Route Planning Requires geoinformation about the navigable space Requires addressing / georeferencing schema (naming of locations): coordinate reference systems and/or textual –Route Tracking (Homing) Alignment actual position  target position Motion control to reduce the distance, i.e. keeping on track Communication of navigation commands 08.12.2009

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Challenges in Indoor Navigation (I) Localization / Tracking –Different, varying localization technologies and methods E.g., Wi-Fi, RFID, infrared sensor, laserscanner Nevertheless: sensors are different, but most have comparable spatial characteristics (visibility area, coverage area, signal propagation) –Absolute position can be determined, if the locality of a sensor or sender and its covered area is known Uncertainty is equal to the size of the respective area –Configuration problem What technologies are available in a specific indoor environment? Which of these are supported by a concrete end-user device?  High degree of combinatorial complexity  Goal: To support different / optimal combinations 08.12.2009

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Challenges in Indoor Navigation (II) Route planning –Modeling of navigable indoor spaces Semantic 3D city and building models (nowadays) provide the geometry and thematic differentiation of indoor areas Thematic differentiation already suitable for addressing, route descriptions, and route tracking (homing), e.g., by room numbers –Derivation of a navigable route network Requires partitioning of the built indoor space (topography) According to the mode of locomotion  walking, driving (wheel chair, mobile robots), flying! (microdrones, UAVs) And possibly logical spaces, e.g. security zones, disaster areas (having their own spatial characteristics) 08.12.2009

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Challenges in Indoor Navigation (III) –Context of navigation in indoor spaces comprises 1.Localization technology and infrastructure, 2.Building topography / mode of locomotion, and 3.Logical spaces / constraints  Arbitrary configurations possible –Current models often tailor the navigation context to one / a limited subset of configurations Well-suited for this specific configuration But: lack of flexibility to support additional configurations Wanted: space model for localization + route planning supporting multiple navigation contexts 08.12.2009

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Current approaches for indoor models 08.12.2009  3D connectivity graph  3D building model 2 4 3 5 6 1 2 4 3 5 6 –3D connectivity graph Geometric route network derived from topographic model of indoor space Further aspects of fixed navigation context are modeled as a set of homogenous attributes for nodes/edges –Single graph structure is inflexible wrt. Changes in configuration, e.g. topography or localization infrastructure Support of additional navigation contexts, e.g. further modes of locomotion –Example: Approach used in OWS-6

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Multilayered Space Model 08.12.2009 Sensor characteristics, e.g. Wi-Fi cells (coverage area) Building topography (rooms, doors, floors, etc) Logical space, e.g. security zone (restricting access to some rooms) Partitioning of indoor space according to different space concepts

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Multilayered Space Model 08.12.2009 1st Layer: Sensor space model 2nd Layer: Topographic space model 3rd Layer: Logical space model  Coverage area of sensors  3D building topography Layers are independent in that they represent separate decompositions of indoor space according to different semantic criteria Additional layers may be added to model further subdivisions of space, e.g. according to the mode of locomotion  Spatial extent of security zone in 3D  Primal space (3D geometry + topology)

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Multilayered Space Model 08.12.2009 1st Layer: Sensor space model 2nd Layer: Topographic space model 3rd Layer: Logical space model  Coverage area of sensors  3D building topography  Dual space (“adjacency“ graph) 2 4 3 5 6 1 2 4 3 5 6 A B C S  Spatial extent of security zone in 3D  Primal space (3D geometry + topology)

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Suitable for route planning Multilayered Space Model 08.12.2009 1st Layer: Sensor space model 2nd Layer: Topographic space model 3rd Layer: Logical space model  Coverage area of sensors  3D building topography 2 4 3 5 6 1 2 4 3 5 6 A B C S Suitable for localization / tracking Suitable for route planning, shortest path, etc  Spatial extent of security zone in 3D For each layer, its 3D representation in primal space is mapped to a graph structure in dual space (Poincaré duality) Edges express topological adjacency  Dual space (“adjacency“ graph)  Primal space (3D geometry + topology)

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Multilayered Space Model 08.12.2009 1st Layer: Sensor space model 2nd Layer: Topographic space model 3rd Layer: Logical space model  Coverage area of sensors  3D building topography  Spatial extent of security zone in 3D 2 4 3 5 6 1 2 4 3 5 6 A B C S Interspace connections link the separate space concepts mutually constrain possible locations of moving subjects or objects express topological overlaps Room 3 is covered by Wi- Fi C and is not in S Room 6 is covered by Wi- Fi A and is in S  Dual space (multilayered graph)  Primal space (3D geometry + topology)

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Multilayered Space Model 08.12.2009 1st Layer: Sensor space model 2nd Layer: Topographic space model 3rd Layer: Logical space model  Coverage area of sensors  3D building topography  Spatial extent of security zone in 3D 2 4 3 5 6 1 2 4 3 5 6 A B C S At each point in time only one node per layer can be active  Dual space (multilayered graph)  Primal space (3D geometry + topology) Interspace connections link the separate space concepts mutually constrain possible locations of moving subjects or objects express topological overlaps

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Structure of each Space Layer E.g. 3D building models The size of the cells determines ambiguity of the absolute position GM_Solid TP_Solid ISO Dual graph Primal space Dual space Topology Geometry in IR³ 19107 ISO19107 Euclidean space embedding of dual graph 08.12.2009 Poincaré duality Skeletonization

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Context Handling for Navigation Scenarios 08.12.2009 Selection Selection of layers according to the context of navigation –Mode of locomotion –Logical constraints –Capabilities of end-user device –... Returns a subsetting of the multilayered graph DB storage of precomputed multilayered graph

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium IndoorML –IndoorML is a data model and exchange format for the representation of the indoor navigation aspects GML3 application schema –IndoorML provides well-defined interfaces to connect semantic models of topographic indoor space Complementary to existing standards like CityGML and IFC Not restricted to 3D models  e.g., Open Floor Plan –Current research Extension to outer space  e.g., GDF, OpenStreetMap Mapping of IndoorML to existing systems and vice versa 08.12.2009

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Summary and Conclusions –Multilayered Space Model assesses the combination of different space representations Distinct spatial decompositions wrt. different semantics Derivation of multilayered graph supporting localization/tracking, route planning, and multiple contexts of navigation Selection of arbitrary configurations wrt. mode of locomotion, localization infrastructure and capabilities of end-user device Framework to derive/explain previously published proposals for indoor models (current research) –IndoorML is a data model and exchange format mapping the Multilayered Space Model to a GML3 application schema 08.12.2009

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium WLAN location opportunities Floorplan showing WLAN access pointsFloorplan showing access points and clients WLANs providing pervasive Wi-Fi access can triangulate to 1-5m Isolated Wi-Fi hotspots can also locate clients Current WLAN managers use a local datum and coordinate structure Uses for location information include: Emergency caller location (can be used to feed E9-1-1 or NG9-1-1) Internal or campus first-responders for emergency calls Asset tracking (healthcare, retail, manufacturing) Location of network devices, clients, rogue APs and intruders (future) Building automation, energy management…

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Location in IEEE 802.11 standards Where am I? You’re here, buddy. 802.11k (2008) introduced ‘Location Configuration Information (LCI)’ Can be initiated from AP or client Can be for ‘my location’ or ‘your location’ Format is geospatial, based on RFC 3825 (latitude, longitude, altitude) 802.11v (draft) adds 2 new formats for location ‘Civic address’ (RFC 4776/5139) ‘Identifier’ (URI) But Civic address format to date does not extend within buildings with sufficient granularity. Hence Liaison request from IEEE to IETF https://datatracker.ietf.org/documents/LIAISON/file704.doc … develop extensions to existing Civic binary encodings … to support WLAN location applications… A binary representation that supports the Point, Polygon, Arc Band, Rectangle, Circle, Ellipse, Cube, Cuboid, Sphere, and Ellipsoid shapes is required. The binary representation should extend or be combinable with civic information already defined in RFC 4776 so that a single payload message can convey the location of a WLAN entity that combines Building Address, Floor and a determined/known reference point and reference location as represented by a shape. Note alternate draft submitted: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-thomson-geopriv- indoor-location-00 authors are in active discussions on a joint proposal http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-thomson-geopriv- indoor-location-00

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Proposal Summary Define and register new xml elements for use in PIDF-LO http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-stanley-geopriv-int-ext-00.txt Register the corresponding TLV binary mappings http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-polk-geopriv-int-relative-in-tlv- 00.txt http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-polk-geopriv-int-relative-in-tlv- 00.txt Extend the ‘INT’ mechanism defined in draft-rosen-geopriv- pidf-interior http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-rosen-geopriv-pidf-interior- 00.txt http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-rosen-geopriv-pidf-interior- 00.txt Support private ‘INT’ element provided in baseline INT Add an extension to support a set of ‘registered INT’ elements Define 4 shapes – point, circle, arcband, polygon Maintain a registry of these elements and TLV fields to enable vendor interoperability Multi-vendor proposal Datum X-axis (East- West) offset Y-axis (North- South) offset ‘shape’ containing location with 95% confidence PointCircleArcbandPolygon Four shapes defined

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Example US California Sunnyvale 1344 Crossman Avenue 94089 1 100 Front Door +24 +5 +2 3 Datum (front door) X-axis offset 24m East Y-axis offset 5m North Circle radius 3 m to 95% Z-axis offset 2m ‘up’ North

© 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Indoor Information Infrastructure (iii) Indoor Event 71st OGC Technical Committee Mountain View, CA. USA Olaf Wessler, Roland M. Wagner December 8th, 2009 Sponsored and hosted by

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 1.1. Introduction: IT © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 73 PC Age Main Methods edit (MS Word) calculate (MS Excel) 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 digital Internet Age Main Methods Search & Rank Distribute Mobile Age Main Methods navigate context aware … IT analogue

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 1.2. IT platform ages © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 74 PC Age Main Methods edit (MS Word) calculate (MS Excel) 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 analogue digital Internet Age Main Methods Search & Rank Distribute Mobile Age Main Methods navigate context aware … IT Age ?

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 1.3. Derived Geo Application Ages © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 75 PC AgeInternet AgeMobile Age GIS Age edit manual analyze by Expert SDI Age integrate distribute LBS Age navigate, trigger context aware (location) 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 1.4. State of the art in 2010 © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 76 PC Age analogue digital Internet Age GIS Age edit manual analyze by Expert SDI Age integrate distribute 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 1.4. State of the art in 2010 © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 77 PC Age analogue digital Internet Age GIS Age edit manual analyze by Expert SDI Age integrate distribute 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 1.5. State-of-the-art in 2012 with iii !!! © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 78 analogue digital Mobile Age LBS Age navigate, trigger context aware PC AgeInternet Age GIS Age edit manual analyze by Expert SDI Age integrate distribute

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 2. Analysis (Geo) Information is often available (via Internet, Paper, Flyer, information booth), but not easily/ convenient / fast /… accessible and usable in a mobile context to get directions. Information about same location is spread among different organizations Today, end-user needs to combine it manually. © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 79

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 3.1. Definitions & Requirements Compatibility to existing infrastructures and content –Internet, HTTP, XML, Access Points, mobile Devices, … Context aware content for mobile usage –=> eFlyer (eyeCatcher, about organization, about offered products or issues, neighborhood, opening hours, fares, contact info,…) Human vs. maschine readable: –IP vs. URL and GPS coordinate vs. ? “Single Touch” access to context relevant (geo) information © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 80 Time to access information [s] Value Add in Context 10 20 30 40 50 60

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 3.2. Approach (abstract) Methods for Data Modeling Referencing Packaging Integration Contextation (location, time, fares,…) Personalization Visualization for information and services in a mobile context © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 81 Model Control View

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 3.3. iii Approach Methods for GeoData Modelling (Routing) GeoReferencing GeoPackaging GeoIntegration, Positioning GeoContextation (location, time, fares,…) GeoPersonalization GeoVisualization for Geo information and Geo services in a mobile context © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 82 Model Control View

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 3.4. Initial Step iii focus (Version 0.5.0) Methods for GeoData Modelling (Routing) GeoReferencing GeoPackaging GeoIntegration, Positioning GeoContextation (location, time, fares,…) GeoPersonalization GeoVisualization for Geo information and Geo services in a mobile context © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 83 Model Control View

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium world wide web (www) www server www path index.html dir.zip www browser indoor information infrastructure (iii) iii server iii path index.iii dir.iiz iii app © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 84 Existing www concepts and conventions for Referencing, Packaging, Integration can be adapted to an iii: Model Control View 4.1. iii Design Conventions

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium App iii Data Data Service Appl. iii Schema Wifi Access Point App iii Server local: SSID “iii” http://iii/iii/index.iii global: http://www.domain.org/ iii/index.iii embedded global iii path: /US/CA/94043/ Mountain-View/ Crittenden-Ln/1400/ domain.com/iii/index.iii Schema 4.2. iii Architecture Model

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 4.3. iii Architecture Model Server Side: -WiFi network with phrase “iii.domainname” in SSID -Local host named “iii” Data Structure: -Subdirectory named “/iii” on local host -File “index.iii” and/or “index.iiz” as a package, -which contains global iii path -sub directories can be transferred into xml hierarchy structure -which can contain binary data, like jpeg resource files -Global iii path structure based on postal addresses and continued (indoor) real world entities (buildings, rooms etc) or relative iii path to host root directory © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 86

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 4.4. Architecture Model (local, deep, plain and deep access) 1.Example for local access via OGC WiFi: SSID: iii.opengeospatial.org and URL: http://iii/iii/index.iiihttp://iii/iii/index.iii 2.Example for local access via OGC WiFi: SSID: iii.opengeospatial.org and URL: http://iii/iii/USA/CA/94043/Mountain- View/Crittenden-Ln/1400/index.iiihttp://iii/iii/USA/CA/94043/Mountain- View/Crittenden-Ln/1400/index.iii 3.Example for global plain access via Internet: http://www.opengeospatial.org/iii/index.iiz http://www.opengeospatial.org/iii/index.iiz 4.Example for global deep access via Internet: http://www.opengeospatial.org/iii/USA/CA/94043/Mountai n-View/Crittenden-Ln/1400/index.iii http://www.opengeospatial.org/iii/USA/CA/94043/Mountai n-View/Crittenden-Ln/1400/index.iii © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 87

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 4.5. Architecture Model (integration) 1.Example for local access via OGC WiFi: SSID: iii.opengeospatial.org and URL: http://iii/iii/USA/CA/94043/Mountain-View/Crittenden- Ln/1400/index.iii http://iii/iii/USA/CA/94043/Mountain-View/Crittenden- Ln/1400/index.iii 2.Example for local access via Google WiFi: SSID: iii.google.com and URL: http://iii/iii/USA/CA/94043/Mountain- View/Crittenden-Ln/1400/index.iiihttp://iii/iii/USA/CA/94043/Mountain- View/Crittenden-Ln/1400/index.iii © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 88

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 5.1. Use Case: Local iii access 1.User has an iii application running on his smartphone 2.The iii app scans for WiFi networks containing a sub- phrase “iii” in SSID: iii.opengeospatial.org, iii.google.com 3.The app connects to both WiFi networks and downloads an iii XML file with iii URL. 4.if package, iii app expands it 5.Integrations both iii file according to matching iii path 6.Optional context aware (time) and personalized filters applied to iii data structure 7.Rendering and visualization of iii data © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 89

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 5.2. Use Case: Remote iii access 1.User has an iii application running on his smartphone 2.User enters target iii path, e.g. “opengeospatial.org/” or “google.com” 3.The app connects to both iii servers and downloads an iii XML file with iii URL. 4.if package, iii app expands it 5.Integrations both iii file according to matching iii path 6.Optional context aware (time) and personalized filters applied to iii data structure 7.Rendering and visualization of iii data © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 90

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 6. Existing thoughts and needed input Existing thoughts Protocol Use Cases Content (Flyer like) Needed input for indoor data models –Matching between context dimensions (location, time, agenda item…) Positioning and Routing Visualization © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 91

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 7. Contact Olaf Wessler eMail: wessler@cougar-bay.de Roland M. Wagner eMail: roland.wagner@beuth- hochschule.de © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 92

ISO related work – Ubiquitous Public Access and Logical location identification scheme (19154)

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium What is it? Ubiquity(or Omnipresence) is the property of being present everywhere [5]. Ubiquitous geographic information is defined as geographic information (and services) to be supplied in every place at any time for any device public access geographic information is also a form of geographic information services created by public users or organizations The document is a draft reference model.

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 19154 Standardization Requirements for Ubiquitous Public Access Market factors and influence driving the need for ubiquitous access –Mobility: nomadic property of ubiquitous computing, which is also called nomadic computing –context-awareness: “the use of context to provide task-relevant information and/or services to a user” –Geo-enabled sensors: provides the position and time information when and where the data are captured by the sensor. –Massively distributed computing (and the cloud) –Demand

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Standards needed for Standards to allow public accesses by users Standards to manage geographic information for public accesses Standards to incorporate ubiquitous technologies into public accesses

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium 19151 - Geographic information – Logical location identification scheme This Standard proposes a logical position identification scheme, u-Position to be used for referencing spatial information in any distributed environments without physical position data such as coordinates. This Standard specifies –u-Position naming scheme and –interfaces for operations to handle u-Positions.

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium What is it? The u-Position provides logical representation for a location to achieve transparency among different spatial reference systems and a seamless representation as shown by Figure 1.

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium key aspect – the upos URI key aspect – the upos URI The u-Position: –a logical and seamless spatial reference in the form of a label or a code that identifies a location. Naming scheme of the u- Position(called u-Position URI) is defined based on URI syntax and ABNF notation as described in IETF RFC 3986 (Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) u-Position URI = "upos" ":" "//" host [ ":" port ] path-upos –EXAMPLE: upos://scientists.org:1028/charles_darwin –EXAMPLE: upos://scientists.org/uk1_scientist/charles_darwin –EXAMPLE: upos://164.125.2.5:1028/uk1_scientist/charles_darwin

Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Copyright © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium But also aligned with OGC GML The abstract u-Position data model can be encoded with the elements specified as XML schemas of Position class and Time class defined based on GML schema.

Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. December 2009 3DIM Indoor Special Session 71st OGC Technical Committee Mountain View, CA Carl Reed December.

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Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. December 2009 3DIM Indoor Special Session 71st OGC Technical Committee Mountain View, CA Carl Reed December.

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Presentation on theme: "Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. December 2009 3DIM Indoor Special Session 71st OGC Technical Committee Mountain View, CA Carl Reed December."— Presentation transcript:

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