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What do you have in common with a glass of water, a star, and a balloon filled with air?

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Presentation on theme: "What do you have in common with a glass of water, a star, and a balloon filled with air?"— Presentation transcript:

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2 What do you have in common with a glass of water, a star, and a balloon filled with air?

3 MATTER!!! Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Mass is the amount of matter in an object Mass of an object is not the same as the space it takes up A balloon of water has a greater mass than the same balloon filled with air. Everything in the entire universe is made of matter

4 Physical Properties of Matter Physical properties (characteristics) of matter are things such as color, texture, shape, and hardness, mass, volume, and density Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the makeup of a substance.

5 Physical Properties Physical properties help you identify kinds of matter Each different kind of matter has a different density You can see this when you mix oil and water Oil floats to the top of the container because it is less dense than water Anything that is less dense than water will float on top of it Anything that is denser than water will sink to the bottom

6 Shhh… Keep it a secret! Pick an object in the classroom… List all of the physical properties that you can about your object. KEEP YOUR OBJECT A SECRET FROM YOUR CLASSMATES!!!!!!!!!

7 Phases of Matter Three phases of matter Solids Liquids Gases

8 Solids Solids have a definite shape Have a definite density Particles in a solid are very close together, making the solid keep its shape Particles vibrate back and forth Held in a fixed position by strong forces

9 Liquids A liquid has a definite volume, but no definite shape Liquids flow Particles of a liquid move around freely to allow them to take the shape of the container it is poured into

10 Gases No definite shape or volume Particles of a gas move constantly and rapidly in all directions They are much farther apart than the particles in solids or liquids A gas fills all the available space in a container

11 Elements All forms of matter are made of one or more basic substances called elements. There are 117 known elements in nature Elements cannot be changed into simpler substances by any chemical process or by heating

12 Elements as solids, liquids, or gases Elements can exist in nature as solids, liquids, or gases Most elements are solid at room temperature Iron, silver, gold, lead, and carbon are examples Some can be gases Oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and helium are examples These elements are present in the earth’s atmosphere They are odorless, colorless gases Only two elements in nature exist as a liquid Mercury and bromine Very poisonous and usually only found in chemical laboratories

13 Atoms Building blocks of elements Each element is made of only one kind of atom Each kind of atom has properties that make it different from the atoms that make up other elements An oxygen atom is very different from a helium atom, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, etc.

14 Subatomic Particles Atoms have three main parts called subatomic particles: Protons have a positive electric charge Neutrons have a neutral electric charge (no charge) Protons and neutrons are located in the center of the atom called the nucleus Electrons have a negative electric charge Electrons circle around the nucleus in rings

15 Periodic Table of the Elements Elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number They are color coded by similar characteristics You can figure out how many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in each element by looking at the periodic table Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom Atomic weight is protons + neutrons Electrons are listed by how many are in each ring surrounding the nucleus

16 Element Label

17 Label the Element…

18 Lithium Atomic number is 3 Has an atomic mass of 6.94 g How many protons? How many neutrons? How many electrons?

19 Compounds A substance that is made of more than one kind of element is called a compound In a compound, elements are chemically combined Oxygen and hydrogen are both elements that are gases at room temperature When they combine chemically, they form the compound water, which is a liquid A compound cannot be separated into the elements that form it except through a chemical reaction

20 Molecules A molecule is made of two or more atoms chemically bonded together Smallest part of a compound that has all of the properties of the compound Most compounds are made up of molecules

21 Chemical Symbols and Formulas Every element is represented by a chemical symbol Symbol is represented by either a capital letter or a capital letter and a small letter Combinations of symbols are used to represent compounds They are called chemical formulas The number written below the line in a chemical formula are called subscripts Indicates the number of atoms in the molecule If there is only 1 atom of an element in a molecule, no subscript follows the symbol for the element.

22 Changes in Matter Matter can change in many ways You know that water can change from a liquid to a solid or a gas Is it still water if it is in those other forms? You have probably seen wood burning… Is the wood still wood after it has burned?

23 Physical Changes When heat energy is added to ice, the ice changes to liquid water As more heat energy is added, water will eventually change to water vapor When water changes from one phase to another, it undergoes a physical change. A physical change is one in which some of the physical properties of a substance change, but the identity of the substance remains the same. If you cut a piece of wood in half, you get 2 pieces of wood, but it is still wood.

24 Mixtures Sometimes a physical change occurs when substances combine A mixtures is two or more substances that do not combine chemically It can exist as a solid, a liquid, or a gas For example, the atmosphere is a mixture of different gases – mixed in the atmosphere but keep their own chemical properties Soil is a mixture of different solids such as clay and rock particles

25 Solutions A solution is a type of mixture in which one substance is evenly mixed with another substance Salt water is an example of a solution When salt is added to water, the taste of the water changes and the salt becomes invisible Neither the makeup of the water nor the salt has changed Water is still water. Salt is still salt.

26 Chemical Changes In a chemical change, the chemical identity of a substance is changed. Burning wood is an example. Plants making sugars and starches for growth Leaves changing color Cooking food

27 Chemical Changes continued.. A chemical change can occur in living or nonliving things. During a chemical change, a chemical reaction takes place When a chemical reaction occurs, new substances are produced One common chemical reaction is when iron combines with oxygen It become iron oxide (rust), which has different properties than iron


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