1. 10.1 AUSTRALIA’S PLACE IN THE WORLD

3. EEZ: Exclusive Economic Zone Australia has the third largest EEZ in the world A nautical mile is

4. Zones The TSB is the Territorial Sea Baseline, which defines Australia’s maritime boundaries and their proximity to land. The zones are divided into the following:

5. Coastal/internal waters: first three nautical miles from the Territorial Sea Baseline Territorial sea/waters: 0 – 12 nautical miles from the TSB. Australia has rights over this area and allows ‘innocent passage’ for foreign ships

6. Contiguous zone: 12 – 24 nautical miles from TSB. Here, Australia may punish infringements of customs, money or sanitary regulations Exclusive economic zone (EEZ): 12 – 200 nm from TSB. Australia has exclusive use of marine life and oil and gas reserves in the EEZ.

7. Australian fishing zone: 3 – 200 nm from TSB. The outer limit of this zone is the same as the EEZ boundary. In this zone Australia regulates fishing by all countries. Continental shelf: and area of seabed extending outward from Australia and roughly the same as the EEZ. Australia has rights over the continental shelf for exploiting mineral and marine organisms.

8. Treaties and Agreements Australia has the third largest EEZ in the world (after the United States and France) with an area larger than its land territory. To avoid conflict over the use of resources Australia has maritime boundary agreements with Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, France (New Caledonia) and New Zealand.

9. The 1978 Torres Strait Treaty (TST) Between Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) Signed in 1978 Covers the management of the Torres Strait The treaty describes two different boundary lines (the seabed line and fishing line) and the Torres Strait Protected Zone (TSPZ) Allows Indigenous people from both countries to move freely for traditional activities such as fishing for food.

10. Timor Sea Treaty (2002) Conflict has occurred over the ownership of oil and gas in the Timor Gap between Australia and Timor-Leste Signed in 2002 Resources are located in a shared zone known as the Joint Petroleum Development Area (JPDA) Under the Timor Sea Treaty (2002) revenue from the oil and gas is shared between Timor-Leste and Australia In return Australia provides billions of dollars in development aid to Timor-Leste.

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