1. AP U.S. HISTORY EXAM REVIEW The Machine Age 1877 - 1900

2. The Age of Invention and Economic Growth Who was Thomas Edison and what was his greatest invention? What did Edison’s inventions lead to? Why is the last quarter of the nineteenth century often called the Age of Invention?

3. Industrialization and Corporate Consolidation Define economies of scale. What is assembly line production? Describe the conditions of factory workers during this time period. What was corporate consolidation? What was a holding company and what did it lead to? Explain horizontal and vertical integration. What is the best example of horizontal integration? What problems arose due to corporate consolidation?

4. The Sherman Antitrust Act When was the Sherman Antitrust Act passed and what did it do? What did the Supreme Court state in the E.C. Knight decision? Who was often the target of the Sherman Act?

5. The Gospel of Wealth Who promoted the Gospel of Wealth and what was it? Define Social Darwinism. How did Carnegie feel about the government’s role in business?

6. Factories and City Life List the problems faced by city dwellers. What advances were made in mass transportation? What did these advances allow the middle class to do? What did political bosses do for immigrants and the poor and why? What were political machines? Who was the most notorious boss of the time?

7. The Rise of the Labor Movement How were labor unions viewed in the late 1800s? When was the Knights of Labor founded and what were its goals? Who was Terrence Powderly? Why did the popularity of the Knights decline? What happened in the Haymarket Square Riot? Who founded the American Federation of Labor? What did the AF of L focus on? Why did the AF of L eventually decline?

8. Jane Addams and Hull House What did reform groups lobby for? What were settlement houses? Who was Jane Addams?

9. Leisure Activities What were some of the popular diversions of the time period? Who were Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst? Define yellow journalism.

10. The South and Jim Crow Describe the economy of the South in the late 1800s. Explain the sharecropping system. What was the crop lien system? What were Jim Crow laws? What did the Supreme Court decide in Plessy v. Ferguson? Who was Booker T. Washington? What was the Tuskegee Institute? What was the “Atlanta Exposition”?

11. The Railroads List the two growing industries of the West. How was the construction of the railroads financed? What harmful practices were the railroad companies guilty of? What animal was targeted by the rail companies and how did this impact Native Americans? How did the railroad affect the nation?

12. The Development of the West Who was Frederick Jackson Turner? What were the key elements of the Frontier Thesis? What did the Homestead Act of 1862 do? What did the Morrill Land Grant do? Why did the reservation system fail? Who was Helen Hunt Jackson? List the provisions of the Dawes Severalty Act. Why was the Dawes Act ultimately a failure?

13. National Politics Why did Mark Twain call the late nineteenth century the Gilded Age? List the presidents of the Gilded Age. What did the Supreme Court decide in the Munn and Wabash cases? What did the Interstate Commerce Act do? What did the Pendleton Act do? Who was Susan B. Anthony? What was the American Suffrage Assocation?

14. The Silver Issue and the Populist Movement What does greater supply lead to and what was the solution proposed by farmers? Who supported silver and who supported gold? What were the Grange Movement and the Farmers’ Alliance? Describe the platform of the People’s Party. What happened soon after Grover Cleveland took office? Who was Eugene V. Debs? Who ran for president in 1896? What did Bryan base his campaign on? What ended the Populist movement?

15. American Foreign Policy Explain the tariff controversy in American history. Why did Americans turn to imperialism at the closing of the nineteenth century? Who was William H. Seward? Explain the difference between expansionism and imperialism. Who was Alfred T. Mahan? How did the U.S. come to control Hawaii?

16. The Spanish-American War Explain the origins of the Spanish-American War. What was the importance of the Maine? What treaty ended the Spanish-American War and what were its provisions? What was the Teller Amendment? List the provisions of the Platt Amendment. What naval base in Cuba does the U.S. still control?

17. The Philippines Why was there widespread support for annexing the Philippines? What was the “white man’s burden”? Why did many Americans oppose annexation? What did the Filipinos do in response to U.S. annexation? When were the Philippines granted independence?

18. Results of Imperialism What was meant by “Does the constitution follow the flag?” What did the Supreme Court decide in the Insular Cases? What was the open door policy? What was the result of the Boxer Rebellion?