1. Translation mRNA tRNA rRNA Amino Acids Proteins

2. Protein Synthesis & Translation

3. Translation Definition: Converting the message in mRNA into a protein Where: Ribosomes When: AFTER transcription

4. Terminology for Translation

5. Codon Located on mRNA 3 Nucleotide Combination (triplet) Complementary to the DNA code __________________________ _____________________________ DNA strand A T C G T A C G C U A GC A UG C G mRNA strand

6. Circle the Codons _______________________________ C G A T C G A T G DNA strand G C U A G C U A C mRNA strand

7. Circle the Codons _______________________________ A T G G C T T A G DNA strand U A C C G A A U C mRNA strand

8. Start Codon Role: Codon sequence on mRNA where translation begins Start Codon AUG

9. Stop Codon Role: mRNA codon that if present STOPS translation Stop Codons UAA UAG UGA

10. Anticodon Located on tRNA 3 base sequence that is complementary to a specific mRNA codon

11. Amino Acids Brought to the ribosome by tRNA A group of amino acids form a protein (polypeptide) ALWAYS use the mRNA codon to determine the name of the amino acid Amino acid tRNA

12. Converting mRNA Codon Sequences into Amino Acids Naming Amino Acids 1st Letter: Left Side 2nd Letter: Top of Chart 3rd Letter: Right Side of Chart Where the 3 Come Together is the Correct Amino Acid

13. Practice Naming Amino Acids mRNA CodonAmino Acid CAC GCC UGU CUU GGA

14. TRANSLATION DNAmRNA Codon tRNA Anticodon Amino Acid GCU AAC GAU CGA UUG CUA ARG LEU CGA TTG CTA

15. Steps to Translation 1) tRNA brings amino acid to START codon in the P site 2) The A sites then fills with a tRNA 3) The tRNA in the A site transfers to the P site. The tRNA in the P site is released 4) The Amino acids in the P and A site come together forming a polypeptide 5) STEPS 3-4 keep occurring until it reaches a STOP codon 6) Polypeptide and tRNA are released and the ribosome breaks apart after reaching the STOP codon

16. Parts

17. Step 1 tRNA brings amino acid to START codon to the P site of the ribosome The anticodon on the tRNA compliments the codon on mRNA

18. Step 2 The A sites then fills with a tRNA The anticodon on the tRNA compliments the codon on mRNA

19. Steps 3 and 4 The tRNA in the A site transfers to the P site. The tRNA in the P site is released. The Amino acids in the P and A site come together forming a polypeptide

20. Step 5 STEPS 3 and 4 keep occurring

21. Step 6 Polypeptide (protein) and tRNA are released and the ribosome breaks apart after reaching the STOP codon

22. Translation How the conversion of mRNA into Proteins Works.

23. Protein Synthesis