1. Word Web 2. About the Author 3. Future Shock and FUTURE SHOCK 4. Henry Ford Before Reading_main Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading.

1. Word Web 2. About the Author 3. Future Shock and FUTURE SHOCK 4. Henry Ford Before Reading_main Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading 5. Charlie Chaplin

Before Reading_1.1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Word Web Directions: What words will occur to you whenever we mention the word “technology”? Write down as many words as possible.

Before Reading_2.1 About the Author Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Alvin Toffler (1928~ ): a well-known American futurologist Birth graduating from New York University in 1949Education being born in New York in 1928 Working Experiences 1. a former Associate Editor of Fortune magazine 2. a visiting scholar at the Russell Sage Foundation 3. a visiting professor at Cornell University 4.a professor teaching one of the first courses devoted entirely to the future at the New School for Social Research in 1966 5. the editor of The Futurists and Learning for Tomorrow

Before Reading_2.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading His Works1. The Culture Consumers (1964) 2. Future Shock (1970) 3. The Third Wave (1980) 4. Previews and Premises (1983)

Before Reading_3. 1) Concept of “future shock”: Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Future Shock and FUTURE SHOCK 2) The book Future Shock: A state of stress and disorientation (the loss of sense of direction) caused by too quick a succession of changes in society. The book was written by Alvin Toffler. “This is a book about what happens to people when they are overwhelmed (overcome completely) by change. It is about the ways in which we adapt — or fail to adapt — to the future.” “The purpose of this book is to help us come to terms with the future — to help us cope more effectively with both personal and social change by deepening our understanding of how men respond to it.”

Before Reading_4.1 Founder of Ford Motor Company and maker of the Model T (“ the machine that changed the world”), Henry Ford became one of the world’s most famous automobile manufacturers. He began his career as a machinist apprentice, but at the age of 30, he demonstrated his mechanical inventiveness with the construction of a single-cylinder gasoline-powered vehicle. Ten years later, in 1903, he founded the Ford Motor Company and began to develop assembly-line techniques to produce an affordable automobile. The result was the four-cylinder Model T Ford, and by 1914 it had captured nearly half the U. S. automobile market. Ford’s early reputation as a good employer, who introduced a $ 5 minimum wage, was subsequently hurt during the 1920’s and 1930’s when he began to employ labor spies at his plants and sanctioned violence against union organizers. His enduring achievement was, within his own lifetime, to make automobile ownership possible for millions around the world. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Henry Ford (1863~1947): American automobile designer and manufacturer ■ 1. A Brief Introduction to Henry Ford Henry Ford

Before Reading_4.3 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading DateEvent 1888 July 30, 1863 1879 2. Ford’s Chronology Being born on a farm near Dearborn, Michigan, U.S.A. Obtaining his first job, as an apprentice machinist Marrying Clara Bryant of Greenfield Township and moving to the 80-acre farm in what is today Dearborn

Before Reading_4.4 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading DateEvent 1896 October 7, 1913 June 16, 1903 Completing his first working model of an automobile, the Quadricycle, and driving it through the streets of Detroit Founding the Ford Motor Company in Detroit Introducing the assembly line method of manufacturing autos

Before Reading_4.5 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading DateEvent 1914 By 1915 April 7, 1947 Announcing his plan to share the Ford Motor Company’s profits with workers, paying them $5.00 for an eight-hour day His company selling almost half of all the automobiles produced in the U.S.A. He died in Dearborn, Michigan, U.S.A..

Before Reading_5.1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Charlie Chaplin (1889~1977): motion-picture actor, director, and producer 1. A Brief Introduction to Charlie Chaplin Charlie Chaplin was a superstar of silent comedies and one of the greatest icons of the 20th-century film. He was born on 16 April,1889 in London and died on 25 December,1977 in Corsier-sur-Vevey in Switzerland. Chaplin had a rotten childhood and an early start on stage, performing even as a child in vaudeville ( 歌舞杂耍 ). He went to Hollywood in 1914 and began acting in silent comedies for Mack Sennett. By 1915 he controlled most aspects of his films, in which he usually appeared as a character called simply “The Little Tramp”: a lovably shabby dreamer with a small moustache, a derby hat, baggy trousers and outsize, shapeless shoes. Chaplin was one of the founders of United Artists Studios (along with actors Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford and director D. W. Griffith) and was one of the first movie makers to have complete control over his features. ■ Charlie Chaplin

Before Reading_5.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading His best-known films include The Gold Rush (1925), City Lights (1931), Modern Times (1936), The Great Dictator (1940), Limelight (1952 ) and A King in New York (1957). Famously outspoken and sympathetic to communism, Chaplin left the United States in 1952 because of increased political pressure. He settled in Switzerland, where he and his wife Oona raised eight children, including actress Geraldine Chaplin. In 1972 he returned to the United States to accept a special Oscar, and in 1975 he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.

Before Reading_5.3 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading DateEvent April 16, 1889Chaplin was born in London. April 1915His First masterpiece, “The Tramp”, was released. October 23, 1918 He married Mildred Harris (he was later To marry Lita Grey in 1924, Paulette Goddard in 1933, and Oona O’Neill in 1943). April 17, 1919He founded United Artists Corporation together with Mary Pickford, Douflas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith.

Before Reading_5.4 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading DateEvent He released “The Gold Rush”.June 26, 1925 1952 He left the United States because he was criticized for his leftist political views in the late 1940’s and early 1950’s. He published his life story, My Autobiography. September 30, 1964

Before Reading_5.5 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading DateEvent He returned to the United States to receive several tributes.1972 He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. March 4, 1975 He died in his sleep, in Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland. December 25,1977

Before Reading_5.6 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading

Before Reading_5.7.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading

Globe Reading_main 1. Part Division of the Text 2. Further Understanding Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading For Part 1 For Part 2 Table Completion For Part 3 Background for Some Key Words and Phrases Blank Filling

Globe Reading.1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Part Division of the Text Main IdeasParagraphsParts 11 ~ 2 23 ~ 6 3 6 ~ 11 Our times have witnessed a great leap forward in technology. Technology feeds on itself. People may have inadequate and misleading ideas on technology and the need to change their views.

Globe Reading.1.1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading 1. Assembly Line The assembly line is a system of manufacturing in which each worker performs a specialized operation on an unfinished product as it is moved past his or her station by a conveyor. Background for Some Key Words and Phrases

Globe Reading.1.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading 2. Horse Collar A horse collar is a device used to distribute load around a horse’s neck, for pulling a wagon or plow. The horse collar was invented by 100 BC in China, and spread to Europe round the 8th or 9th century.

Globe Reading.1.3 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading 3. The Bessemer Furnace It is a furnace for making steel by blasting compressed air through molten iron, burning out excess carbon and other impurities. It was named after Sir Henry Bessemer (1813~ 1898), a British metallurgist ( 冶金学家 ) and inventor. The Bessemer process increased steel production and greatly lowered its cost.

Globe Reading.2.11 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading 1. Camel Caravan Using pack animals to haul people and goods is still a typical mode of transportation in some parts of the world. Background for Some Key Words and Phrases

Globe Reading.2.12 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading 2. Chariot A chariot is a vehicle with two wheels pulled by a horse, used in ancient times in battles and races.

Globe Reading.2.13 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading 3. Locomotive A locomotive is a railway engine that runs on rails and is self-propelled by any of several forms of energy for the purpose of moving railroad cars.

Globe Reading.2.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Progress in Transportation TimeMeans of TransportSpeed (mph) 6000 BCcamel caravanaveraging 8 about 1600 BCchariotabout 20 1784mail coachaveraging 10 1825first steam locomotive13 1825great sailing ship6.5 1880’s more advanced steam locomotive 100 1938airplanemore than 400 1958airplane 1960’s rocket plane 4,000 1960’sspaceship18,000 more than 800

Globe Reading.3 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Fill in the blanks with the information from the text. Blank Filling Directions: 1.Technological invention consists of. They are. 2. Technology is advancing much more quickly than before because. 3. The time between the stages of idea and application is much shorter now than it was in the ancient times because. 4. The author uses the examples of “refrigerator” and “television” to show. that nowadays the time between application and diffusion has been shortened and three stages ___________ the creative idea, its practical application and its diffusion or spread through society ______________ ____________________________________________________ now the time between each step in this cycle has been much shortened _________________________________________________________ all kinds of social devices have been invented to speed up the process ____________________________________ ___________________ the pace of diffusion is rising rapidly __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________

Article Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Alvin Toffler writes about the fact that technology is advancing much faster today than ever before in history. The symbols of technology are no longer the factory smokestack or the assembly line. As we head into the future, the pace will quicken still further.

To most people the term technology conjures up images of smoky steel mills or noisy machines. Perhaps the classic representation of technology is still the assembly line created by Henry Ford half a century ago and made into a social symbol by Charlie Chaplin in Modern Times. This symbol, however, has always been inadequate and misleading, for technology has always been more than factories and machines. The invention of Article1_S Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading A. Toffler the horse collar in the middle ages led to major changes in agricultural methods and was as much a technological advance as the invention of the Bessemer furnace centuries later. Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. It includes ways to make chemical reactions occur, ways to breed fish, plant forests, light theaters, count votes or teach history. The Fantastic Spurt in Technology

Article2-3_S The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic — even sometimes essential. And the assembly line — the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions — is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this speed limit, that nearly 3,500 years later, when the first mail coach began operating in England in 1784, it averaged a mere ten mph. The first steam locomotive, introduced in 1825, could have a top speed of only thirteen mph and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less than half that speed. It was probably not until the 1880’s that man, with the help of a more advanced steam locomotive, managed to reach a speed of one hundred mph. It took the human race millions of years to attain that record. Article3-4_S

Article5-6_S Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading It took only fifty-eight years, however, to go four times that fast, so that by 1938 men in airplanes were traveling at better than 400 mph. It took a mere twenty- year flick of time to double the limit again. And by the 1960’s rocket planes approached speeds of 4,000 mph. and men in space capsules were circling the earth at 18,000 mph. Whether we examine distances traveled, altitudes reached, or minerals mined, the same accelerative trend is obvious. The pattern, here and in a thousand other statistical series, is absolutely clear and unmistakable. Thousands of years go by, and then, in our own times, a sudden bursting of the limits, a fantastic spurt forward.

The reason for this is that technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible, as we can see if we look for a moment at the process of innovation. Technological innovation consists of three stages, linked together into a self-reinforcing cycle. First, there is the creative, feasible idea. Second, its practical application. Third, its diffusion through society. The process is completed, the loop closed, when the diffusion of technology embodying the new idea, in turn, helps generate new creative ideas. Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened. Article7-8_S Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading

Article9_S Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Thus it is not merely true, as frequently noted, that 90 percent of all the scientists who ever lived are now alive, and that new scientific discoveries are being made every day. These new ideas are put to work much more quickly than ever before. The time between the first and second stages of the cycle — between idea and application — has been radically reduced. This is a striking difference between ourselves and our ancestors. It is not that we are more eager or less lazy than our ancestors, but we have, with the passage of time, invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process.

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading But if it takes less time to bring a new idea to the marketplace, it also takes less time for it to sweep through the society. For example, the refrigerator was introduced in the United States before 1920, yet its peak production did not come until more than thirty years later. However, by 1950 — in only a few years — television had grown from a laboratory novelty to the biggest part of show business. So the interval between the second and third stages of the cycle — between application and diffusion — has likewise been cut, and the pace of diffusion is rising with astonishing speed. Articl10_S

Article11_S Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The stepped-up pace of invention, application and diffusion, in turn, accelerates the whole cycle still further. For new machines or techniques are not merely a product, but a source, of fresh creative ideas.

Article2-3_S-1 The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic — even sometimes essential. And the assembly line — the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions — is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading What’s the two sentence patterns with the word “time”? It is (about / high) time for sb. to do sth. It is (about / high) time sb. did sth. e.g. It’s high time man controlled the increasing population.

Article2-3_S-2 The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic — even sometimes essential. And the assembly line — the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions — is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Translate the sentence into Chinese. 简要地回顾一下交通发展史，工艺技术的这种加速变化往往便可得到生动形象的说明。

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this speed limit, that nearly 3,500 years later, when the first mail coach began operating in England in 1784, it averaged a mere ten mph. The first steam locomotive, introduced in 1825, could have a top speed of only thirteen mph and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less than half that speed. It was probably not until the 1880’s that man, with the help of a more advanced steam locomotive, managed to reach a speed of one hundred mph. It took the human race millions of years to attain that record. What does “that speed” refer to ? It refers to the top speed of the first steam locomotive of thirteen mph. Article3-4_S-1

Article5-6_S1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading It took only fifty-eight years, however, to go four times that fast, so that by 1938 men in airplanes were traveling at better than 400 mph. It took a mere twenty- year flick of time to double the limit again. And by the 1960’s rocket planes approached speeds of 4,000 mph. and men in space capsules were circling the earth at 18,000 mph. Whether we examine distances traveled, altitudes reached, or minerals mined, the same accelerative trend is obvious. The pattern, here and in a thousand other statistical series, is absolutely clear and unmistakable. Thousands of years go by, and then, in our own times, a sudden bursting of the limits, a fantastic spurt forward. What does “that fast” refer to? It refers to the speed of a more advanced steam locomotive in the 1880’s of 100 mph.

Article5-6_S2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading It took only fifty-eight years, however, to go four times that fast, so that by 1938 men in airplanes were traveling at better than 400 mph. It took a mere twenty- year flick of time to double the limit again. And by the 1960’s rocket planes approached speeds of 4,000 mph. and men in space capsules were circling the earth at 18,000 mph. Whether we examine distances traveled, altitudes reached, or minerals mined, the same accelerative trend is obvious. The pattern, here and in a thousand other statistical series, is absolutely clear and unmistakable. Thousands of years go by, and then, in our own times, a sudden bursting of the limits, a fantastic spurt forward. What does “pattern” refer to? It refers to “the accelerative trend ”.

Article7-8_S1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The reason for this is that technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible, as we can see if we look for a moment at the process of innovation. Technological innovation consists of three stages, linked together into a self-reinforcing cycle. First, there is the creative, feasible idea. Second, its practical application. Third, its diffusion through society. The process is completed, the loop closed, when the diffusion of technology embodying the new idea, in turn, helps generate new creative ideas. Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened. 1. What’s the meaning of “feed on itself” here in Chinese? 2. Can you find a word in this paragraph which has almost the same meaning with this phrase? 自身的扶植作用。 It is “self-reinforcing”.

Article7-8_S2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The reason for this is that technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible, as we can see if we look for a moment at the process of innovation. Technological innovation consists of three stages, linked together into a self-reinforcing cycle. First, there is the creative, feasible idea. Second, its practical application. Third, its diffusion through society. The process is completed, the loop closed, when the diffusion of technology embodying the new idea, in turn, helps generate new creative ideas. Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 当体现这一新思想的技术推广反过来帮助产生新的创造性思想时，这一过程就完成了，这个循环也就结束了。

Article9_S1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Thus it is not merely true, as frequently noted, that 90 percent of all the scientists who ever lived are now alive, and that new scientific discoveries are being made every day. These new ideas are put to work much more quickly than ever before. The time between the first and second stages of the cycle — between idea and application — has been radically reduced. This is a striking difference between ourselves and our ancestors. It is not that we are more eager or less lazy than our ancestors, but we have, with the passage of time, invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process. 1.What does “it” refer to? 2.Translate the sentence into Chinese. 3.What’s the implied meaning of the sentence? It refers to the two “that-clauses” in the sentence. 因此，正如人们常常提到的那样，一个千真万确的情况是，从古到今的科学家中有 90 ％的人活在当今世界上，新的科学发现天天都有。 As we all know, the average life span for a human being is about 70 years. That’s to say, most of the scientific discoveries in history were made within the past 70 years, from which we can see how fast science and technology are developing now.

Article9_S2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Thus it is not merely true, as frequently noted, that 90 percent of all the scientists who ever lived are now alive, and that new scientific discoveries are being made every day. These new ideas are put to work much more quickly than ever before. The time between the first and second stages of the cycle — between idea and application — has been radically reduced. This is a striking difference between ourselves and our ancestors. It is not that we are more eager or less lazy than our ancestors, but we have, with the passage of time, invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process. Paraphrase the sentence. It is not because we are more eager or diligent than our ancestors, but because we have, as time went by, invented all sorts of social devices to speed up the process.

Article1_W Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading To most people the term technology conjures up images of smoky steel mills or noisy machines. Perhaps the classic representation of technology is still the assembly line created by Henry Ford half a century ago and made into a social symbol by Charlie Chaplin in Modern Times. This symbol, however, has always been inadequate and misleading, for technology has always been more than factories and machines. The invention of A. Toffler the horse collar in the middle ages led to major changes in agricultural methods and was as much a technological advance as the invention of the Bessemer furnace centuries later. Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. It includes ways to make chemical reactions occur, ways to breed fish, plant forests, light theaters, count votes or teach history. The Fantastic Spurt in Technology

Article2-3_W Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic — even sometimes essential. And the assembly line — the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions — is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour.

Article4_W Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this speed limit, that nearly 3,500 years later, when the first mail coach began operating in England in 1784, it averaged a mere ten mph. The first steam locomotive, introduced in 1825, could have a top speed of only thirteen mph and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less than half that speed. It was probably not until the 1880’s that man, with the help of a more advanced steam locomotive, managed to reach a speed of one hundred mph. It took the human race millions of years to attain that record.

Article5-6_W Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading It took only fifty-eight years, however, to go four times that fast, so that by 1938 men in airplanes were traveling at better than 400 mph. It took a mere twenty- year flick of time to double the limit again. And by the 1960’s rocket planes approached speeds of 4,000 mph. and men in space capsules were circling the earth at 18,000 mph. Whether we examine distances traveled, altitudes reached, or minerals mined, the same accelerative trend is obvious. The pattern, here and in a thousand other statistical series, is absolutely clear and unmistakable. Thousands of years go by, and then, in our own times, a sudden bursting of the limits, a fantastic spurt forward.

Article7-8_W Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The reason for this is that technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible, as we can see if we look for a moment at the process of innovation. Technological innovation consists of three stages, linked together into a self-reinforcing cycle. First, there is the creative, feasible idea. Second, its practical application. Third, its diffusion through society. The process is completed, the loop closed, when the diffusion of technology embodying the new idea, in turn, helps generate new creative ideas. Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened.

Article9_W Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Thus it is not merely true, as frequently noted, that 90 percent of all the scientists who ever lived are now alive, and that new scientific discoveries are being made every day. These new ideas are put to work much more quickly than ever before. The time between the first and second stages of the cycle — between idea and application — has been radically reduced. This is a striking difference between ourselves and our ancestors. It is not that we are more eager or less lazy than our ancestors, but we have, with the passage of time, invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process.

The Fantastic Spurt in Technology the horse collar in the middle ages led to major changes in agricultural methods and was as much a technological advance as the invention of the Bessemer furnace centuries later. Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. It includes ways to make chemical reactions occur, ways to breed fish, plant forests, light theaters, count votes or teach history. Article1_W － conjure Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading To most people the term technology conjures up images of smoky steel mills or noisy machines. Perhaps the classic representation of technology is still the assembly line created by Henry Ford half a century ago and made into a social symbol by Charlie Chaplin in Modern Times. This symbol, however, has always been inadequate and misleading, for technology has always been more than factories and machines. The invention of A. Toffler conjure up: bring a thought, picture, idea, or memory to someone’s mind The singing of birds outside the window conjured up memories of my childhood in the countryside. The name of Chaplin conjures up the image of a little tramp with a brush mustache. 卓别林的名字使人脑海里出现一个留着小胡子 ( brush mustache ) 的流浪汉 ( tramp ) 的形象。 conjure up 使现出，追忆 conjure away 用魔法驱除（疾病、烦恼等） a name to conjure with 很有影响力的名字 Collocations:

Article1_W － misleading Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading To most people the term technology conjures up images of smoky steel mills or noisy machines. Perhaps the classic representation of technology is still the assembly line created by Henry Ford half a century ago and made into a social symbol by Charlie Chaplin in Modern Times. This symbol, however, has always been inadequate and misleading, for technology has always been more than factories and machines. The invention of A. Toffler the horse collar in the middle ages led to major changes in agricultural methods and was as much a technological advance as the invention of the Bessemer furnace centuries later. Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. It includes ways to make chemical reactions occur, ways to breed fish, plant forests, light theaters, count votes or teach history. misleading: adj. likely to make sb. believe sth. that is not true My father never believes in advertisements because he thinks most of them are misleading. The policemen found that the false clue was misleading. 警察发现那条错误的线索起了误导作用。 The Fantastic Spurt in Technology

Article1_W － apply Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading To most people the term technology conjures up images of smoky steel mills or noisy machines. Perhaps the classic representation of technology is still the assembly line created by Henry Ford half a century ago and made into a social symbol by Charlie Chaplin in Modern Times. This symbol, however, has always been inadequate and misleading, for technology has always been more than factories and machines. The invention of A. Toffler the horse collar in the middle ages led to major changes in agricultural methods and was as much a technological advance as the invention of the Bessemer furnace centuries later. Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. It includes ways to make chemical reactions occur, ways to breed fish, plant forests, light theaters, count votes or teach history. apply: v. Many candidates all over the country applied for the job that year. 那年全国各地的许多应聘者申请了这份工作。 1) use sth. such as a method, idea, or law in a particular situation, activity, or process This is a good opportunity to apply what you have learned in class to practical work. 2) make a formal request, usually written, for sth. such as a job, a place in a university, or permission to do sth. apply …to… 把 …… 应用于 …… apply (to sb.) for… 向（某人）申请 …… Collocations:

The Fantastic Spurt in Technology Article1_W － occur1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading To most people the term technology conjures up images of smoky steel mills or noisy machines. Perhaps the classic representation of technology is still the assembly line created by Henry Ford half a century ago and made into a social symbol by Charlie Chaplin in Modern Times. This symbol, however, has always been inadequate and misleading, for technology has always been more than factories and machines. The invention of A. Toffler the horse collar in the middle ages led to major changes in agricultural methods and was as much a technological advance as the invention of the Bessemer furnace centuries later. Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. It includes ways to make chemical reactions occur, ways to breed fish, plant forests, light theaters, count votes or teach history. occur: v. When did the idea occur to you? 你什么时候想起这个主意的？ 1) take place; happen 2) if an idea or thought occurs to you, it suddenly comes into your mind They were still hopeful that some kind of miracle would occur. 他们还对某种奇迹会发生存有希望。 It suddenly occurred to me that we could use computer to solve this problem.

The Fantastic Spurt in Technology Article1_W － occur2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading To most people the term technology conjures up images of smoky steel mills or noisy machines. Perhaps the classic representation of technology is still the assembly line created by Henry Ford half a century ago and made into a social symbol by Charlie Chaplin in Modern Times. This symbol, however, has always been inadequate and misleading, for technology has always been more than factories and machines. The invention of A. Toffler the horse collar in the middle ages led to major changes in agricultural methods and was as much a technological advance as the invention of the Bessemer furnace centuries later. Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. It includes ways to make chemical reactions occur, ways to breed fish, plant forests, light theaters, count votes or teach history. CF: occur, happen, chance & take place 这些词语都可表示 “ 发生 ” 之意。 occur 较正式用词，可指意外地发生，也可指意料中的发生。例如： The disease occurs most frequently in rural areas. 那种疾病多见于农村地区。 happen 普通用词，泛指一切客观事物或情况的发生，强调动作的偶然性，主语为事件、情况等。例如： How did the accident happen? 事故是怎么发生的 ? chance 强调事前无安排或无准备而发生的事，特指巧合。例如： She chanced to be passing when I came out of the house. 当我走出屋子时，她刚好经过。 take place 多指通过人为安排的发生。例如： When does the wedding take place? 婚礼何时举行？

The Fantastic Spurt in Technology Article1_W － breed Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading To most people the term technology conjures up images of smoky steel mills or noisy machines. Perhaps the classic representation of technology is still the assembly line created by Henry Ford half a century ago and made into a social symbol by Charlie Chaplin in Modern Times. This symbol, however, has always been inadequate and misleading, for technology has always been more than factories and machines. The invention of A. Toffler the horse collar in the middle ages led to major changes in agricultural methods and was as much a technological advance as the invention of the Bessemer furnace centuries later. Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. It includes ways to make chemical reactions occur, ways to breed fish, plant forests, light theaters, count votes or teach history. breed: v. 1) keep animals or plants in order to produce babies or new plants, especially ones with particular qualities Mrs. Smith has bred cats for many years and has won many prizes. 2) if animals breed, they mate in order to have babies Eagles breed during the cooler months of the year.

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic — even sometimes essential. And the assembly line — the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions — is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. surroundings: n. the objects, buildings, natural things, etc. that are around a person or thing at a particular time It took me a few weeks to get used to my new surroundings. 这座房屋四周的环境优美。 The house is in beautiful surroundings. CF: surroundings & environment 这两个名词均含 “ 环境 ” 之意。 surroundings 指人所在的周围地区或事物。它有两个特点： 1 ）只指具体的物质的东西； 2 ）一定要用复数。 environment 强调指对人的感情、品德思想等产生影响的环境。 Article2-3_W-surroundings1

Article2-3_W － surroundings2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic — even sometimes essential. And the assembly line — the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions — is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the two words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. An unhappy home can affect a child’s behavior. 2. The house is set in beautiful near Lake Coniston. 3. It took me a few weeks to get used to my new. environment ________ surroundings ________ surroundings ________

Article2-3_W-characteristic Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic — even sometimes essential. And the assembly line — the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions — is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. characteristic: adj. very typical of a particular thing or of someone’s character These small white houses are characteristic of Greek islands. The wide use of computers is characteristic of the Information Age. Pattern: be characteristic of… It is characteristic of sb. / sth. + that-clause 信息时代的典型现象是广泛使用计算机。 Do you believe that greed and dishonesty are characteristic of all businessmen? 你是否认为贪婪与不诚实是所有商人的共同特点？ It is characteristic of her that she never complained. 从不发牢骚是她的特点。

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic — even sometimes essential. And the assembly line — the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions — is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. essential: adj. extremely important and necessary 水对于农作物的生长是至关重要的。 Water is essential to / for the growth of crops. NB: 在 “It is essential that he (should) …” 句型中 that 后面的句子中的谓语一定要用虚拟语气。 It is essential that he (should) be prepared for emergency. Article2-3_W-essential1

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic — even sometimes essential. And the assembly line — the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions — is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. CF: essential, necessary & indispensable 这些形容词均有 “ 必不可少的，必需的 ” 之意。 essential 指对事物本身性质具有决定性的重要性，暗含不可缺少，否则便无法存在。例如： necessary 最常用词，强调由客观因素决定的某种需要，强调不可避免，但并非绝不可缺少。例如： Is money essential to happiness? 金钱对于幸福是必不可少的吗 ? Sleep is necessary to / for one’s health. 睡眠对健康是必不可少的。 indispensable 语气强，强调指绝对的必要性或不可缺少性。例如： Air, food and water are indispensable to life. 空气、食物、水对生命都是必不可少的。 Article2-3_W-essential2

Article2-3_W-function Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic — even sometimes essential. And the assembly line — the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions — is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. function: n. the purpose that sth. has, or the job that sb. or sth. does Do you know the four essential functions of the United Nations as an international organization? The function of a chairman is to lead and control meetings. 主席的职责是引导并控制会议。

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic — even sometimes essential. And the assembly line — the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions — is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. account: n. 1) a written or spoken description that says what happens in an event or process He gave us a detailed account of what had happened at the meeting a week before. 2) an arrangement in which a bank keeps your money safe so that you can pay more in or take money out I want to open (close) an account with / at a bank. 我想在银行开立（结束）一个帐户。 3) because of sth. else, especially a problem or difficulty We must take into account the boy’s long illness. 我们必须把孩子长期生病的因素考虑进去。 The train was delayed on account of the heavy snow. 4) considering or including particular facts or details when making a decision or judgment about sth. Article2-3_W-account1

Article2-3_W-account2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic — even sometimes essential. And the assembly line — the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions — is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. on account of 因为，由于 settle one’s account 结帐 Collocations: take … into account 对 …… 予以考虑

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic — even sometimes essential. And the assembly line — the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions — is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. available: adj. sth. that is available is able to be used or can easily be bought or found 今晚音乐会的票买不到了。 There are no tickets available for tonight’s concert. NB: 1)be available 若以人做主语时，意为 “ 有空的，不忙碌的 ” 。 He is not available for the job. 2) available 一般作表语，不作定语；若要修饰名词时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后。 This is the only reference book available here. 这是这里能得到的唯一的一本参考书。 I’m afraid my bicycle is not available; it is being repaired. Article2-3_W-available

The old symbols of technology are even more misleading today, when the most advanced technological processes are carried out far from assembly lines or blast furnaces. Indeed, in electronics, in space technology, in most of the new industries, quiet and clean surroundings are characteristic — even sometimes essential. And the assembly line — the organization of large numbers of men to carry out simple repetitive functions — is outdated. It is time for our symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. This acceleration is frequently dramatized by a brief account of the progress in transportation. It has been pointed out, for example, that in 6000 BC the fastest transportation available to man over long distances was the camel caravan, averaging eight miles per hour (mph). It was not until about 1600 BC when the chariot was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading maximum: 1.adj. the maximum amount, quantity, speed, etc. is the largest that is possible or allowed I have read the advertisement but, since the maximum age for the job is 25, I cannot apply for it. 2. n. the largest number or amount that is possible or is allowed Drivers must not exceed a maximum of 55 miles an hour. 驾驶员不得超过每小时 55 英里的最大车速。 We must make maximum use of the resources available. Article2-3_W-maximum

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this speed limit, that nearly 3,500 years later, when the first mail coach began operating in England in 1784, it averaged a mere ten mph. The first steam locomotive, introduced in 1825, could have a top speed of only thirteen mph and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less than half that speed. It was probably not until the 1880’s that man, with the help of a more advanced steam locomotive, managed to reach a speed of one hundred mph. It took the human race millions of years to attain that record. impressive: adj. making a deep impression on sb. In the past few years Chinese athletes have made impressive achievements in competitive sports. 在过去的几年中，中国运动员在体育竞赛中取得了令人难忘的成就。 This is an impressive building combining both the Chinese and western architectural styles. Article4_W-impressive

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this speed limit, that nearly 3,500 years later, when the first mail coach began operating in England in 1784, it averaged a mere ten mph. The first steam locomotive, introduced in 1825, could have a top speed of only thirteen mph and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less than half that speed. It was probably not until the 1880’s that man, with the help of a more advanced steam locomotive, managed to reach a speed of one hundred mph. It took the human race millions of years to attain that record. exceed: v. be more or greater than; do more than; go beyond The temperature in this region never exceeds 30 degrees. If your expenses exceed your income, you will be in debt. exceed one’s expectation 出乎某人的预料 exceed in sth. 在 …… 方面领先，超过 Collocations: Article4-W-exceed1

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this speed limit, that nearly 3,500 years later, when the first mail coach began operating in England in 1784, it averaged a mere ten mph. The first steam locomotive, introduced in 1825, could have a top speed of only thirteen mph and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less than half that speed. It was probably not until the 1880’s that man, with the help of a more advanced steam locomotive, managed to reach a speed of one hundred mph. It took the human race millions of years to attain that record. CF: exceed, excel & surpass 这三个动词均有 “ 超过、胜过 ” 之意。 exceed 既可指超出权利、权力的限度、管辖范围，或超过规定的时间范围，又可指在数量、程度或大小等方面的超过。例如： excel 指在成绩、成就或学识上胜过他人，尤指擅长某事。例如： Working hours must not exceed 42 hours a week. 每周工作时间不能超过 42 小时。 In international competition, the Chinese excel all other countries at table tennis. 在国际比赛中，中国人在乒乓球上比所有的国家都强。 surpass 多用以强调优点、长处、技能或质量等方面的超过。例如： He surpassed the goal he set for himself. 他超过了为自己确定的目标。 Article4-w-exceed2

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this speed limit, that nearly 3,500 years later, when the first mail coach began operating in England in 1784, it averaged a mere ten mph. The first steam locomotive, introduced in 1825, could have a top speed of only thirteen mph and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less than half that speed. It was probably not until the 1880’s that man, with the help of a more advanced steam locomotive, managed to reach a speed of one hundred mph. It took the human race millions of years to attain that record. average: 1. v. have as an average; calculate the average of figures The fish averages about two inches in length. 2. n. result of adding several amounts together and dividing the total by the number of amounts The weekly profits averaged out at about $1000. 每周的利润平均为 1000 美元。 The government is trying its best to average up the salary of the lower-paid teachers. Japanese people, on average, live longer than Europeans. 平均而言，日本人比欧洲人活得长。 The average of 3, 8 and 10 is 7. Article4-W-average1

Article4_W-average2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this speed limit, that nearly 3,500 years later, when the first mail coach began operating in England in 1784, it averaged a mere ten mph. The first steam locomotive, introduced in 1825, could have a top speed of only thirteen mph and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less than half that speed. It was probably not until the 1880’s that man, with the help of a more advanced steam locomotive, managed to reach a speed of one hundred mph. It took the human race millions of years to attain that record. average out at / to 平均为，平均达 average up 把 …… 提高到平均水平 Collocations: on (an / the) average 平均

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading It took only fifty-eight years, however, to go four times that fast, so that by 1938 men in airplanes were traveling at better than 400 mph. It took a mere twenty- year flick of time to double the limit again. And by the 1960’s rocket planes approached speeds of 4,000 mph. and men in space capsules were circling the earth at 18,000 mph. Whether we examine distances traveled, altitudes reached, or minerals mined, the same accelerative trend is obvious. The pattern, here and in a thousand other statistical series, is absolutely clear and unmistakable. Thousands of years go by, and then, in our own times, a sudden bursting of the limits, a fantastic spurt forward. go by: pass Time goes by quickly. It is more than a year since we entered the university. Nearly a decade went by before they met again in their hometown. 经过近十年的时间，她们才在家乡再次见面。 Article5-6_W-go by

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading It took only fifty-eight years, however, to go four times that fast, so that by 1938 men in airplanes were traveling at better than 400 mph. It took a mere twenty- year flick of time to double the limit again. And by the 1960’s rocket planes approached speeds of 4,000 mph. and men in space capsules were circling the earth at 18,000 mph. Whether we examine distances traveled, altitudes reached, or minerals mined, the same accelerative trend is obvious. The pattern, here and in a thousand other statistical series, is absolutely clear and unmistakable. Thousands of years go by, and then, in our own times, a sudden bursting of the limits, a fantastic spurt forward. fantastic: adj. 1) unbelievably large or great Teenagers spend fantastic amounts of money on clothes. 2) extremely good, attractive, enjoyable Their wedding cost a fantastic amount of money. 她们的婚礼花费了很大一笔钱。 The night view of Shanghai is even more fantastic. He's a fantastic swimmer. Article5-6_W-fantastic

Article7-8_W-feed on Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The reason for this is that technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible, as we can see if we look for a moment at the process of innovation. Technological innovation consists of three stages, linked together into a self-reinforcing cycle. First, there is the creative, feasible idea. Second, its practical application. Third, its diffusion through society. The process is completed, the loop closed, when the diffusion of technology embodying the new idea, in turn, helps generate new creative ideas. Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened. feed on: 1) take as food Lu Xun once said, “Cows feed on grass but what they produce is milk.” 2) become nourished or strengthened from; get support from Rumor feeds on ignorance and superstition. Intelligent students learn new things quicker because, in a sense, intelligence feeds on itself. 聪明的学生学习新东西比较快，因为从某种意义上说，智慧具有自身扶植的作用。

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The reason for this is that technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible, as we can see if we look for a moment at the process of innovation. Technological innovation consists of three stages, linked together into a self-reinforcing cycle. First, there is the creative, feasible idea. Second, its practical application. Third, its diffusion through society. The process is completed, the loop closed, when the diffusion of technology embodying the new idea, in turn, helps generate new creative ideas. Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened. feasible: adj. capable of being carried out or done; possible Your plan is not economically feasible. CF: feasible, possible & practicable 这三个形容词均有 “ 可行的 ” 之意。 feasible 指完全可行，切实可行，强调成功的较大可能性。 possible 多用来消除对某事的怀疑，强调从客观上看有存在或发生的可能。 practicable 强调经过证明是有效的，合乎实际的，行得通的。 It is not feasible to follow your proposal. Article7-8_W-feasible1

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The reason for this is that technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible, as we can see if we look for a moment at the process of innovation. Technological innovation consists of three stages, linked together into a self-reinforcing cycle. First, there is the creative, feasible idea. Second, its practical application. Third, its diffusion through society. The process is completed, the loop closed, when the diffusion of technology embodying the new idea, in turn, helps generate new creative ideas. Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the three words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. In Hollywood, we must remember, anything is. 2. Solar heating is technically and economically. 3. The X-ray is a way of discovering unsuspected diseases. possible ______ feasible ______ practicable ________ Article7-8_W-feasible2

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The reason for this is that technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible, as we can see if we look for a moment at the process of innovation. Technological innovation consists of three stages, linked together into a self-reinforcing cycle. First, there is the creative, feasible idea. Second, its practical application. Third, its diffusion through society. The process is completed, the loop closed, when the diffusion of technology embodying the new idea, in turn, helps generate new creative ideas. Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened. embody: v. express; represent Dr. Brown’s latest book embodies all his new ideas on education. Some American historians say John Kennedy embodied all the hopes of the 1960’s. 一些美国的历史学家说，约翰肯尼迪代表了 20 世纪 60 年代的全部希望。 Article7-8_W-embody

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The reason for this is that technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible, as we can see if we look for a moment at the process of innovation. Technological innovation consists of three stages, linked together into a self-reinforcing cycle. First, there is the creative, feasible idea. Second, its practical application. Third, its diffusion through society. The process is completed, the loop closed, when the diffusion of technology embodying the new idea, in turn, helps generate new creative ideas. Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened. generate: v. produce; cause to happen This machine will generate quite a lot of electricity from the power of the wind. The arrival of the famous pop singer generated intense excitement in Hong Kong. 那位著名的流行歌手的到来，在香港激起强烈的兴奋情绪。 generate electricity 发电 generate excitement 使 …… 为之激动 Collocations: generate heat 产生热 generate public interest in 引起对 …… 的极大关注 Article7-8_generate

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The reason for this is that technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible, as we can see if we look for a moment at the process of innovation. Technological innovation consists of three stages, linked together into a self-reinforcing cycle. First, there is the creative, feasible idea. Second, its practical application. Third, its diffusion through society. The process is completed, the loop closed, when the diffusion of technology embodying the new idea, in turn, helps generate new creative ideas. Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened. shorten: v. (cause to) become shorter The report is too long. Can you shorten it to 2,000 words? CF: shorten, abbreviate & abridge 这三个动词均含有 “ 缩短 ” 之意。 shorten 通常指缩短时间、尺寸或过程。 abbreviate 指省去应有的或后续的部分，从而使整体缩短，也可指缩短时间。 abridge 多指对书籍的删节或缩短，删去不重要部分而保存其精华。 Their pleasures was shortened by the bad weather. As winter approaches, the day shortens, allowing people more hours for sleep. 当冬季来临时，白天变短了，使人们有更多的时间睡觉。 Article7-8-shorten1

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading The reason for this is that technology feeds on itself. Technology makes more technology possible, as we can see if we look for a moment at the process of innovation. Technological innovation consists of three stages, linked together into a self-reinforcing cycle. First, there is the creative, feasible idea. Second, its practical application. Third, its diffusion through society. The process is completed, the loop closed, when the diffusion of technology embodying the new idea, in turn, helps generate new creative ideas. Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the three words above. Change the form where necessary. 1.He has an edition of the novel War and Peace. 2. They want to the time it takes to make the car. 3. “Information technology ” is usually to “IT”. abridged ______ shorten ______ abbreviated ________ Article7-8-shorten2

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Thus it is not merely true, as frequently noted, that 90 percent of all the scientists who ever lived are now alive, and that new scientific discoveries are being made every day. These new ideas are put to work much more quickly than ever before. The time between the first and second stages of the cycle — between idea and application — has been radically reduced. This is a striking difference between ourselves and our ancestors. It is not that we are more eager or less lazy than our ancestors, but we have, with the passage of time, invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process. reduce: v. make less; make smaller in size, number or degree The cost has been greatly reduced since the efficiency expert was called in a couple of months ago. Many items in the supermarket are on sale and their prices are reduced by 20 to 30 percent. 超级市场上的许多东西在降价出售，它们的价格降了百分之二十至三十。 Article9-reduce

Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Thus it is not merely true, as frequently noted, that 90 percent of all the scientists who ever lived are now alive, and that new scientific discoveries are being made every day. These new ideas are put to work much more quickly than ever before. The time between the first and second stages of the cycle — between idea and application — has been radically reduced. This is a striking difference between ourselves and our ancestors. It is not that we are more eager or less lazy than our ancestors, but we have, with the passage of time, invented all sorts of social devices to hasten the process. hasten: v. cause to go faster; accelerate When I found there were only ten minutes left, I hastened my steps. 当我发觉只剩 10 分钟时，我加快了步伐。 When they heard the news, they immediately hastened home. The strike hastened the downfall of the government. Article9-hasten

After Reading_main Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading 1. Useful Expressions 2. Compound Dictation 3. Discussion and Debate 4. Writing Practice 5. Talk about the Pictures 6. Proverbs and Quotations

After Reading_1.1 1. 不可思议的突飞猛进 2. 联想到 3. 流水装配线 4. 使 …… 成为社会象征 5. 中世纪 6. 过时了 7. 养鱼 8. 造林 fantastic spurt conjure up assembly line make … into a social symbol the middle ages be outdated breed fish plant forests Useful Expressions Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading 9. 工艺流程 10. 邮车 technological processes a mail coach

After Reading_1.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading 11. 蒸汽机车 12. 艰难地航行 13. 达到记录 14. 20 年瞬息功夫 15. 自身的扶植作用 16. 体现新思想的技术 17. 产生创新思想 18. 有证据证明 a steam locomotive labor along attain the record a mere twenty-year flick of time feed on itself the technology embodying the new idea generate creative ideas There is evidence that … 19. 得到应用 20. 随着时间的推移 be put to work with the passage of time

Listen to the following passage for three times and fill in the missing words or information. The FBI recently warned law enforcement departments and high-tech companies to be on alert for possible terrorist activities on the Internet. Although there were no specific made against the online world, “ I think the threat is quite serious,” says Ann Stuart. Stuart says that the attack could come from a number of means. “They could some type of worm or similar to the ones we saw last year,” she says. Computer bugs such as Code Red and Nimda cluttered （把 …… 弄乱） millions of e-mail and damaged thousands of computers. potential _______ After Reading_2.1 Compound Dictation Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Directions: threats ______ online ______ accounts _______ release ______ virus _____ ■

Stuart says terrorists, “or they might try to post fake data and try to cause panic that way.” Businesses and home computer users can take steps to prevent a possible cyberattack. “,” says Stuart. She says firewalls –- software that filters out suspicious data from the Internet – and. After Reading_2.2 Compound Dictation Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Anti-virus software is critical and it’s got to be updated regularly ___________________________________________________ could also try to slow Internet traffic, disrupt air traffic computer networks __________________________________________ ________________ frequent password changes are also important ______________________________________

After Reading_3.1 Discussion and Debate Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Directions: As we all know, science and technology today are developing at an astonishing speed. Now let us discuss this topic in small groups. Each group will be given two outlines of the advantages and disadvantages of the rapid development of science and technology. Outline 1 Please talk about the advantages of the rapid development of science and technology according to the outline given below: Advantages convenience (mobile phone; e-mail ; MSN; DCD) efficiency ( computer; airplane) agreeable working conditions (quiet; clean; comfortable)

After Reading_3.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Outline 2 Please talk about the disadvantages of the rapid development of science and technology according to the outline given below: Disadvantages difficulty (operation; knowledge) expensiveness ( computer; upgrade; surf online) unhealthy ( mobile phone; radiation) environment (air pollution; water pollution)

After Reading_4.1 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Writing Practice Directions: In this section, you are required to write a summary of the text. The first sentence of it and the first word or phrase of each sentence in the body are given below. You are asked to complete the whole summary. Prof. Troffler points out that people should change their views on technology so as to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself. Technology has always been. It includes.The old symbols of technology, assembly lines or blast furnaces,. Today’s new technology, esp. electronics and space industry,. He traces transportation back to 6,000 BC and. At last he points out that the stepped-up pace of invention, application and diffusion reinforces the more than factories and machines ____________________________ techniques or ways as well as machines ________________________________ are outdated ___________ is characterized by quiet and clean surroundings _______________________________________ reviews the accelerating development of transportation to show the great progress development of technology ____________________________________________________________ ______________________. _______________________ ______________________________________________

After Reading_5.2 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading Talk about the Pictures

After Reading_5.3 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading

After Reading_6.1 Proverbs and Quotations 1. Science has no enemy but the ignorant. 科学的敌人是愚昧无知。 2. Science is organized knowledge. 科学是有系统的知识。 3. Science rests on phenomena. 科学以事实为依据。 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading 4. Imagination is more important than knowledge. — Einstein, American scientist 想象力比知识更重要。 —— 美国科学家爱因斯坦

After Reading_6.2 5. Knowledge is power. — Bacon, British philosopher 6. Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it. — Fuller, British churchman 知识就是力量。 —— 英国哲学家培根知识是一座宝库，而实践是开启宝库的钥匙。 —— 英国教士富勒 Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading

1. Word Web 2. About the Author 3. Future Shock and FUTURE SHOCK 4. Henry Ford Before Reading_main Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading.

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1. Word Web 2. About the Author 3. Future Shock and FUTURE SHOCK 4. Henry Ford Before Reading_main Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading.

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Presentation on theme: "1. Word Web 2. About the Author 3. Future Shock and FUTURE SHOCK 4. Henry Ford Before Reading_main Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading."— Presentation transcript:

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