1. Yellow Fever Yellow Fever Mauricio & Misael

2. Purpose of Presentation To Define Yellow Fever Look at causes and incidence Tests Prevention Treatments Expectations and Complications Model a case of outbreak

3. Definition Yellow fever is –a tropical disease –carried by mosquitoes –characterized by fever jaundice hemorrhage.

4. Causes and incidence Causes arbovirus (Flaviviridae) the bite of mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, Aedes africanus, and Haemagogus) Incidence South and Central America Central Africa

5. Symptoms fever headache muscle aches vomiting red –eyes –face –tongue jaundice unusual bleeding bloody vomiting delirium seizures coma

6. Signs and Tests The affected person may show signs of: –dehydration –hypotension (low blood pressure) Tests: –CBC –urine analysis –liver enzymes elevated (ALT, AST ) –serological testing

7. Prevention Vaccination Decreasing exposure risk Insecticides

8. Treatment There is no treatment Intravenous fluids are given to treat: –dehydration –hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) –hypotension (low blood pressure) Acetaminophen Antacid and histamine blockers Dialysis may be needed if kidney failure develops Transfusion of fresh blood

9. Expectations Expectations (prognosis) –yellow fever has no specific therapy –death rate is high, even with good supportive careComplications –kidney failure –disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) –secondary infections

10. Case Study Place: Philadelphia U.S.A Time:August of 1793. Origin:West Indies Cause:Mosquitoes brought over on ships.

11. Initial Values Human population: 50,000 Mosquito Population: 100,000 Deaths caused by yellow fever: 500 (10% of total population)

16. References www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact100.html www.sas.upnn.edu/~yehchris/yellowfever.html www.yahoo.com Christina Carlson Bob Gotwals

17. The End