1. Write each fraction in simplest form. If the fraction is already in simplest form, write simplest form.

2. Algebra 1 Glencoe McGraw-Hill JoAnn Evans Math 8H 1-1 Variables and Expressions 1-2 Order of Operations

3. A VARIABLE is a letter used to represent one or more numbers. --These numbers are called VALUES of the variable. --An algebraic expression consists of one or more numbers and variables, along with one or more arithmetic operations. Examples: 8x 2y + 3 4 – 2m ab 3x + 6 --Algebraic expressions don’t have equal signs or inequality signs.

4. In algebraic expressions, a dot or a set of parentheses are often used to indicate multiplication. The multiplication symbol of “X” used in arithmetic could be easily mistaken for the variable x. To avoid this confusion, “X” is never used to indicate multiplication in algebra. Here are acceptable ways to represent the product of x and y: Use good form! Variables that are multiplied together should be in alphabetical order. In each expression, the quantities being multiplied are called factors, and the result is called the product. xy

5. Exponents and Powers An expression such as 4 6 consists of two parts. 4646 4 is the base 6 is the exponent Together, they’re called a POWER. 4 6 means 444444 4 6 is read “4 to the sixth power”

6. 2x 5 An exponent applies only to what is directly in front of it! Look just to the left of the exponent to identify the base of the power. x is directly to the left of the exponent. x is the base, not 2x.

7. (2x) 5 An exponent applies only to what is directly in front of it! Look just to the left of the exponent to identify the base of the power. The right parentheses is directly to the left of the exponent. That means the exponent applies to everything within the parentheses. 32x 5

8. Translating Verbal Phrases Into Algebraic Expressions verbal phrase algebraic expression the sum of a number and 11 eight more than a number a number increased by 9 the difference of 2 and a number five less than a number seven minus a number a number less fifteen x + 11 x + 8 n + 9 2 - x x - 5 7 - n z - 15

9. verbal phrase algebraic expression the product of 6 and a number ten times a number a number multiplied by 3 the quotient of a number and four four divided by a number 6z 10m 3y

10. a. 9 greater than a number n + 9 b. a number subtracted from 11 11 – n c. The sum of a number and 33 n + 33 Write the phrase as an algebraic expression. d. Charlotte’s age minus 27 a – 27 e. The quotient of 18 and a number 18 n f.The sum of a number and ten, divided by two.

11. Translating More Complex Verbal Phrases “Six more than twice a number” can be written as…… 2n + 6 “Eleven less than the sum of a number and 9” can be written as…… (n + 9) – 11 “Eight decreased by five times a number” can be written as...... 8 – 5n “Nine times the difference of a number and six” can be written as…… 9(x – 6)

12. ****IMPORTANT**** Order matters in subtraction!! “four less than a number” is written x – 4, NOT 4 – x “the difference of a number and 1” is written as x – 1, NOT 1 – x ** Order also matters in division!!** “the quotient of a number and 12” is written as “the quotient of 12 and a number” is written as

13. --When all the variables in an algebraic expression are replaced by numbers you have evaluated the expression. --The answer that results is called the value of the expression. Evaluating Expressions

14. Evaluate the expression x 5 when x = 2. First, show the substitution by using parentheses, then evaluate. x 5 (2) 5 2·2·2·2·2 32 Evaluate the expression -x 2 when x = 4. Directly to the left of the exponent is x, not –x. What is the base of the power? The base is x.

15. Directly to the left of the exponent is the set of parentheses, so everything within the parentheses is the base of the power. Evaluate (3x) 2 when x = 4. What is the base of the power?3x

16. To evaluate an expression involving more than one operation, mathematicians have agreed upon a certain order to prioritize the operations. First (P): do operations that occur within grouping symbols ( ) [ ] { } Second (E): evaluate powers Third (M/D): do multiplications and divisions from LEFT to RIGHT Fourth (A/S): do additions and subtractions from LEFT to RIGHT

17. A fraction bar can also be used as a grouping symbol. A fraction bar indicates that the numerator and the denominator should each be treated as a single value. 1.Simplify the numerator. 2.Simplify the denominator. 3.Simplify the fraction.

18. Simplify each expression. 25 + [(1 + 3) 2 – 7] 25 + [(4) 2 – 7)] 25 + (16 – 7) 25 + 9 34 5(6 2 - 35) – 7 5(36 - 35) – 7 5(36 – 15) – 7 5(21) – 7 105 – 7 98

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21. Review 1. What is a variable? 2. Name the two parts of a power. 3. What does the exponent apply to in this expression? 3x 2 4. Evaluate each expression when x = 7. -2x 2 (-2x) 2 5. Translate each of the phrases: 9 less a number 9 less than a number the product of 11 and n, increased by 5 the quotient of n and 11

22. 1.A variable is a letter used to represent one or more numbers. 2.The base and the exponent are the two parts of a power. 3.The exponent applies only to the x. 4.-98 196 5.9 - x x - 9 11n + 5 Answers: