1. Titulo tema etc etc Social and Gender Mainstreaming in Land Management for Investment Project Washington D.C. March 2016

2. Construindo o Futuro Building the Future Ta Konstrui Futuro Cabo Verde is a lower-middle- income country 500,000 on 10 small islands 27% living on less than $2 per day > 50% of the poor lives on island of Santiago 43.8% of households are headed by women Background

3. Construindo o Futuro Building the Future Ta Konstrui Futuro Social and Gender Issues in Cabo Verde Cabo Verde data shows The severity of poverty is likely to be greater for female-headed households than for male-headed households Illiteracy & unemployment rates for women are higher than for men The percentage of female-headed households has increased from 40% (2000) to 48% (2010) 33% of female-headed households are poor, compared to 21% of male-headed households

4. Construindo o Futuro Building the Future Ta Konstrui Futuro Social and Gender Issues in Cabo Verde Most female-headed households are also mono-parental, while the majority of male-headed households are conjugal units of some description Based in cultural tradition there is a great probability that a large percentage of women are living in a submission relationships with their male partners. This condition creates an environmental where women lives in a vulnerable situation with serious problems of social integration and gender unbalance.

5. Construindo o Futuro Building the Future Ta Konstrui Futuro The LMIP: a strong approach to social and gender mainstreaming A social and gender Risk Assessment identified several risks for vulnerable households A Social and Gender Integration Plan provides guidance on mainstreaming gender and social issues throughout the project cycle The Land Management Information System (LMITS, which congregates all legal, spatial and land use information) contains specific fields to capture data on social vulnerability and gender issues, guaranteeing an in-depth analysis of vulnerabilities and allowing the application of the social and gender tools The LMIP Operations Manual is another key tool in which social & gender issues have been mainstreamed: Social and gender screening tools that should be applied to each parcel Guidance for identifying individuals who face particular constraints, including gender issues in exercising their claims on land or registering their properties

6. Construindo o Futuro Building the Future Ta Konstrui Futuro The risk assessment Risks identified include: Households lacking documents to prove rights of ownership or occupancy High levels of informal & illegal occupation of land Many ‘secondary rights’ to land Unclear rights under the current regime, such as women in (non-registered) de facto unions who face challenges in protecting the legally-recognized co- ownership of their properties

7. Construindo o Futuro Building the Future Ta Konstrui Futuro LMIP: Social and Gender Mainstreaming Development of the legal framework for cadastral operations – social and gender concerns highlighted throughout the process The Special Regime for Cadastral Operations established a principle of gender equality manifested in Art 36 - Enforced registration of common property in the name of both spouses/cohabitants (where marriage/union is formally contracted or recognised)

8. Construindo o Futuro Building the Future Ta Konstrui Futuro Land and Gender Issues Strong tradition of informal relationships rather than formalized marriages Civil Code includes a mechanism for recognition of de facto unions (Uniãos de Facto), conferring property rights similar to a marriage where the union is for longer than 3 years Steps to recognition are often not undertaken, however - unequal power relations between men and women and a tendency for men to take responsibility for land and property transactions Consequently, only the name of the male partner appears in evidentiary documents, which carries over to the acquisition of the title and the registration of property in the male’s name

9. Construindo o Futuro Building the Future Ta Konstrui Futuro LMI Project and Social and Gender Mainstreaming The Team carrying out fieldwork and data collection for the cadaster includes: 3 social and gender experts 4 communications specialists (including a community liaison team) A team of lawyers A Support Unit providing services to citizens in the process

10. Social and Gender Screening (SGS) toolsThe Tool SGS 1 – Social and Gender Characterizations of Cadastral Zones Step-by-step How To Guide for gathering relevant social and gender secondary data during a Desk review, to assist in characterizing a geographical zone, prior to Cadastral Fieldwork SGS 2 - Household Vulnerability Assessment Mechanism Identifies low-income households to mitigate the risks related to their vulnerability (e.g. extra support for understanding fees and waivers) SGS 3 - Social and gender screening during fieldwork Provide a summary of information of the household to be record in LMITS it includes all the households characteristic and additional support needed and follow-up SGS 4 - Vulnerable people: follow up template The tool allows the registration of the follow up action provided to the vulnerable households and the results achieved. SGS 5 - Identification of and guidance for joint ownership This tool provides the identification of marital status and gives guidance how to proceed to guarantee the joint ownership SGS 6 - Screening of potential gender based-violence (GBV) situations This tool provides the GBV risk assessment and guidance on how to support and follow-up these situations. SGS 7 – Social and Gender Technical Note Form (to the National Institution Team charged with Cadastral Data Validation, - EAT) This tool allow the identification and characterization of vulnerabilities and a tracking journal of the recommended measures for each case, and assess and the effectiveness of the treatment that is given responses to social and gender issues. In addition, it should be validated by the EAT team

11. Construindo o Futuro Building the Future Ta Konstrui Futuro Early to make an accurate assessment of effectiveness of all tools, but is clear that without them the vulnerable population would not be benefitting from the LMIP in Sal Island. Nevertheless same test demonstrated that same of the tools needs to be improved, for instance tool number 5 and 6 can be merged in one single tool. A new tool should be created to support the vulnerable I the process of the public consultation.

12. Construindo o Futuro Building the Future Ta Konstrui Futuro Summary Cabo Verde, in a short period of time, has Approved several pieces of legislation for land rights that integrate social and gender concerns Developed specific social and gender screening tools to mitigate the risks for vulnerable populations Begun implementing the suite of social and gender screening tools to target vulnerable households during the Cadastral Operation

13. Construindo o Futuro Building the Future Ta Konstrui Futuro Thank You