1. Civilizations

2. Stone Age People Lived 2 million years ago in eastern Africa Hunters and Gatherers (What does this mean?) –Fruit, seeds, nuts and insects, hunted small animals –Learned how to chip rocks into weapons and tools Spears, simple knives

4. So Easy Even A Caveman Can Do It.

5. Learned how to make and control fire Developed a simple form of language –Became a Nomadic People at this time –Nomad- traveling from place to place to find food 90,000 years ago the Earth entered into the Ice Age –Huge sheets of ice covered the Earth Stone Age People

6. Agricultural Revolution Occurred 10,000 years ago Major advances for Stone Age People –Learned to farm –Domesticate (tame) animals Called the New Stone Age Farming in the Tigris-Euphrates River Valley 7000 B.C Farming in South East Asia as early as 9000 B.C

7. Agricultural Revolution The Agricultural Revolution changed the way people lived Allowed people to settle and not have to roam for food –Building towns, villages and temples –Increased technology This leads to the beginning of Civilizations Civilization- highly organized group of people with their own language and way of living.

8. Observe and Analyze the Map Above Map Questions 1.What area of the world is this? 2.What bodies of water do we see? 3.Where are the cities located? 4.What country is now where Mesopotamia once was?

9. Features of Civilizations All civilizations contain certain major parts –What do you think they are? Government Religion Specialized Jobs Social Classes Record Keeping How do these features make a civilization different from nomadic groups?

10. Government Archeologists- scientists that study objects left behind by early people –Ancient ruins of palaces and temples –Complex irrigation systems Proof of powerful governments with these ruins –Governments would be needed to oversee and manage such large projects Examples: Egyptians, Mayans, Romans –See Posters on the walls

11. Religion Temples and religious objects have been left behind Kings may have actually been priest-kings –Had both secular and religious power People believed that the priests were the only ones who could talk to gods ?? How does this idea compare to what we have today??

12. Specialized Jobs People were developing new technologies Artisans- skilled craft workers –Weavers- turned plant fibers into cloth –Metal Workers- made tools and weapons out of bronze or iron –Merchants/traders- exchanging goods

13. Social Classes Head of society was usually a king –Priests and Nobles –Government Officials/Wealthy Merchants –Artisans and farmers –Slaves Slaves Artisans/Farmers Gov/Merchants King/Priest Observing the pyramid of power what can you deduce/guess about the social classes?

14. Record Keeping Most early civilizations developed a system of writing This allowed people to develop a system of records –Tax records –Record religious ceremonies and prayers Pictographs- pictures that represented objects

15. Cultural Diffusion Borrowing of inventions and ideas by groups of people over time Ex: The Harness –Sumerians (From Sumer) invented the harness –Picked up by the Chinese and modified –Idea traveled along trade routes Why is this an important event?

16. World Powers In A.D 100 two great powers were in the world –Rome- controlled the Mediterranean World from Spain to the Middle East –China- controlled much of East Asia The world in 1300 was much different –Islamic rulers prospered in the Middle east –African Kingdoms grew powerful (Mali) –Delhi – major empire in India –China- prospered under the control of Mongols (Kublai Khan) –Mexico- rise of the Aztec empire –Andes Mountains (Peru)- the rise of the Incas Europe at the time was still undeveloped and not as developed as other parts of the world.