1.   What is the job of the chloroplast?  What is the job of the mitochondria?  What is the molecule of energy called?  What is the role of sugars in the body? Warmup 12/07

2. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

3.   Energy is the ability to do work!  It can be used for  Active Transport  Production and storage of proteins  Movement of Cilia or Flagella  Cell Division What is Energy?

4.   Energy in a molecule comes from the interaction of electrons between molecules Electrons

5.   Comes in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate  Made of an adenosine nucleotide, ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups  Energy is stored in bonds between the phosphates Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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7.   Cells store energy by creating bonds  Cells release energy by breaking bonds ATP

8.   Conversion of light energy into sugar  Occurs in plants and protists  Takes place in the chloroplast Photosynthesis

9.   Structure  Thylakoid: place where light energy gets converted into an energy the plant can use  Grana: stacks of thylakoids  Stroma: fluid that surrounds the thylakoids  Thylakoid is filled with pigments that absorb light called chlorophyll Chloroplast

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11.  Chloroplast Reactions Light Dependent Reactions Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) Needed Parts Light, waterCarbon dioxide Products OxygenGlucose (C6H12O6) Location ThylakoidStroma

12.   Light Dependent Reaction  Only occurs during daylight  Water is split and makes oxygen  Energy is created from breaking the bonds in the water that is used in the light independent reactions Photosynthesis

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14.   Light Independent Reactions  Also called the Calvin Cycle  Happens all the time as long as there’s energy  Time when the CO2 is used to make the glucose molecule Photosynthesis

15.  CO 2 + H 2 0 + light C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Carbon dioxide + water + light  glucose/sugar + oxygen Photosynthesis Formula

16.   What are the reactants of photosynthesis?  Where does photosynthesis take place?  What is the waste product of photosynthesis?  What is photosynthesis? Warmup 12/8

17.   Converts sugar into energy the cell can use  Animals get their energy from eating food  Plants get their energy from making food  Occurs in the mitochondria in plants and animals  Occurs in all organisms Cellular Respiration

18.   No oxygen is needed  Produces very little ATP  Only way bacteria make energy since they do not have mitochondria  Produces Carbon dioxide  Happens before aerobic respiration Anaerobic Respiration

19.   Requires oxygen  Lots of ATP is made  Happens in the mitochondria  Uses an enzyme called ATP synthase to make ATP Aerobic Respiration

20.  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP Glucose/sugar + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + water +ATP Formula

21.   What are the reactants of cellular respiration?  What organisms do cellular respiration?  Where does cellular respiration take place?  What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration? Warmup 12/09

22.   Lactic Acid Fermentation  Happens in animals and some bacteria  Produces lactic acid and carbon dioxide  This is what makes our muscles sore and turns milk into yogurt  Anaerobic process  No bubbles are formed Fermentation

23.   Alcoholic Fermentation  Occurs in some bacteria and yeast  Produces alcohol and carbon dioxide  This is what causes bread to rise and bubbles to form in alcoholic drinks  Anaerobic process  Bubbles are formed Fermentation

24.   What are the products of alcoholic fermentation?  What are the products of lactic acid fermentation?  Is fermentation an aerobic or anaerobic process?  Where is an example of something that can be made with lactic acid fermentation and an example of something made with alcoholic fermentation? (Answer cannot be a type of alcohol) Warmup 12/10

25.   Draw this picture Carbon-Oxygen Cycle