1. WORKING MEMORY Parent Resource Center (PRC) Workshop

3. TUNING IN ACTIVITY WORKING MEMORY - the brain’s “post-it note”

4. CONNECT - PAST Gathercole & Alloway (2008) Working memory & learning Observation in classrooms Undetected or misclassified

5. CONNECT - PAST Co-occurrence with learning difficulties Secondary characteristic of LD OR Core deficit ADHD LD ASD WM

6. CONNECT - FUTURE Learning activities Support gradual accumulation of knowledge and skill Activity failures due to WM overload Missed learning opportunities

7. BIG PICTURE WORKING MEMORY IQ 3Rs Measures our potential to learn

8. ACTIVITY Like Me

9. GOALS Define WM List 3 strategies to use with your children

10. INPUT Definition Model LT memory Development of WM Strategies

11. WHAT IS IT? Ability to hold and manipulate information in your brain over a short period of time Mental workspace or Post-it Note

12. AN EXAMPLE Mental arithmetic Working memory vs short-term memory

13. MODEL CENTRAL EXECUTIV E EX EXEC UTIVE VISUAL- SPATIAL SHORT-TERMMEMORYVERBALSHORT-TERMMEMORY

14. Implications of WM to learning Best predictor of academic success, even more than IQ. Without targeted intervention students with WM problems will not catch up. WM influences the learning of students with learning disorders.

15. LONG-TERM MEMORY Episodic Autobiographical Semantic Procedural

16. LONG-TERM MEMORY Can boost memory performance < reliance on WM Meaningful information

17. ACTIVITY 10-2

18. ACROSS the LIFESPAN

19. LIMITS Space Time Effort

20. CHARACTERISTICS Poor academic progress Classroom difficulties Incomplete recall Failure to follow instructions Place-keeping difficulties Task abandonment

21. ACTIVITY Musical Moment

22. TEACHER STRATEGIES Evaluate WM demands Reduce WM loads Monitor Recognize WM failures Repeat if needed Encourage use of memory aids Develop child’s use of strategies

23. TEACHER STRATEGIES Reduce WM loads Amount of material > meaningfulness Simplify mental processing Restructure complex tasks

24. STUDENT STRATEGIES Request help Rehearsal Note-taking Use long-term memory Place-keeping & organizational strategies

25. Can WM be improved directly by training? Brain training Robomemo Jungle Memory

26. CLOSING ACTIVITY REVIEW Jigsaw Big picture Definition Characteristics Strategies - teacher Strategies - student

27. QUESTIONS