2. Specialised cells

3. Do all cells look the same? Most cells have three basic parts: nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane But cells can be different shapes and sizes and also have different functions. This is because they are - specialised The shape of a cell is related to its function. Where do you see this idea in sport? CLUE: World Cup!

4. Specialised rugby players Why are the players in a rugby team different shapes and sizes? The players in rugby team are different shapes and sizes because they do different jobs for the team. Like rugby players, cells are different shapes and sizes because they perform different jobs.

5. Specialised cells All cells have the same basic structures. There are thousands of variations all with specialised functions 1.It has a large surface area 2.It has a thin cell membrane Consider the root hair cell: It is ‘suited’ to its’ job of taking in water and minerals in two ways.

6. More specialised cells Having no nucleus. Being disc shaped, thereby creating a large surface area. Red blood cells are ‘suited’ to the job of carrying oxygen around the body by: These two features maximise the space for carrying oxygen.

7. More specialised cells Being able to change shape and move so that they can flow to the site of the infection and destroy harmful bacteria. White blood cells are ‘suited’ to the job of fighting infection by:

8. More specialised cells Specialised gut cells are found in the small intestine. These cells have finger-like projections called villi. Villi increase their surface area for the absorption of digested food molecules.

9. More specialised cells Ciliated cells are found lining the airways. They produce mucus to trap dust and dirt (goblet cells). The cilia (hair-like structures) brush the mucus up to the throat.

10. More specialised cells Sperm are produced in the testes. The head contains the nucleus (genetic material) which fuses with the egg. The middle section contains an energy store. The tail propels the cell. Strong tail for swimming Vacuole containing enzymes