1. Wilderness at 50 Lewis and Clark Law School Garry Oye Chief of Wilderness Stewardship National Park Service Portland, Oregon April 11, 2014

2. Northern Rockies California Washington DC 1978-1985 2014 Las Vegas 1985-2008 2008-2011 2011-2014

3. Early Wilderness Advocates Carhart…Leopold… …Marshall…Zahniser…Murie

4. National Wilderness Preservation System 109 million acres – 44 million hectares National Park Wilderness - 61 units 44 million acres – 18 million hectares

5. America’s Wilderness in National Park Units

6. Death Valley - California

7. Gates of Arctic - Alaska

8. Guadalupe Mountains- Texas

9. Theodore Roosevelt - ND

10. Gulf Islands - Mississippi

11. North Cascades - WA

12. Everglades - Florida

13. Haleakala - Hawaii

14. Shenandoah - Virginia

15. Rocky Mountain - Colorado

16. 1964 Wilderness Act Section 4(C): “no commercial enterprise” Section 4(D)6: “Commercial services may be performed... to the extent necessary for activities which are proper for realizing the recreational or other wilderness purposes of the areas.”

17. 50 Years Later… 2014 Examples:

18. 50 Years Later… 2014 Examples:

19. New Interest - Old Proposals Glacier – Montana Yellowstone/Grand Teton – Wyoming Grand Canyon – Arizona Big Bend – Texas Great Smoky Mtns – Tennessee/N. Carolina Crater Lake – Oregon Arches/Canyonlands – Utah Big Cypress/East Everglades – Florida Assateague Island - Maryland

20. Questions?