1. CUNPA GOALS & NEW UNDERGROUND LABORATORY Yeongduk Kim, Hongjoo Kim, Seon-Ho Choi, Yong-Ham Kim, Hyunsu Lee 2013. 8. 22-23 CUNPA kick-off meeting

2. 2 ISBB (International Science Business Belt)  Trying to make a new science city at center of South Korea  Fusion of basic science with culture, art, and industry etc.  Backed up by law now.

3. 3 Institute for Basic Science (IBS) International Science-Business Belt will be constructed at the center of South Korea IBS and a heavy-ion accelerator facility are the core organizations. Benchmarked RIKEN & MAX-PLANK Institute.

4. Center for Underground Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics

5. 5 CENTER for Underground Nuclear & Particle Astrophysics (CUNPA)  CUNPA is selected as one of 19 research centers and begins on July 1 st  ~30 researchers (Ph.D) will be hired.  Research Area : Dark Matter, Double Beta Decay, Underground Nuclear Astrophysics, Sterile neutrino search at reactor, Low temperature Detector Development etc.  $10M/year for 10 years.  Main Facility :  Yangyang Underground Laboratory  Low Temperature Detector Laboratory  New detector development laboratory  Crystal growing facility  Underground low energy accelerator

6. 6 Goal of CUNPA Understand the origin and the structure of the Universe from the viewpoint of nuclear and particle physics by performing experiments at deep underground. Construct world class underground laboratory which can persist even after 10 years of research.

7. Identification of dark matter. Low mass WIMPs ? Observation of 0  will confirm - Neutrinos are Majorana particles and have Majorana masses. - Lepton number L is not conserved. Observation of 0  will support more on - See-Saw model of the neutrino mass. -Leptogenesis, which may be the origin of the baryon asymmetry of the universe.  Can we detect cosmic neutrinos ?

8. 8 We will do Experiments which can directly give answer or clues to the questions we have for the goal of CUNPA; KIMS+ : Experiments with most sensitive detector for low mass WIMPs. AMoRE-200 : 0  experiment. Sterile Neutrinos ? SBL reactor neutrino exp. Underground accelerator physics New experiments w/ new ideas. Experiments which can directly give answer or clues to the questions we have for the goal of CUNPA; KIMS+ : Experiments with most sensitive detector for low mass WIMPs. AMoRE-200 : 0  experiment. Sterile Neutrinos ? SBL reactor neutrino exp. Underground accelerator physics New experiments w/ new ideas.

9. 9 AMoRE Aim at “Zero Background” experiment. ~ O(1 event) DBU: counts/ (keV kg year) AMoRE-10 2 years AMoRE-200 3 years

10. 10 Comparison with other exp. EXO- 200 CUORE GERDA1 GERDA2 KAML AND- ZEN Majorana1 CUO RICI NO AMoRE 10 AMoRE 200 Super-NEMO nEXO EXO 200 Ultimat e SNO+ ?

11. 11 KIMS+ Projects I.KIMS-CsI : Upgrade of CsI(Tl) crystal detector  Lower threshold ~ 1.5keV, <1dru, counts/(keV kg day).  This will help to clear issues about the modulation signals of DAMA. II.KIMS-NaI : new NaI(Tl) detector Duplicate DAMA experiment with ultra-low background NaI(Tl) crystals. 200kg run in 2015-2016 III. KIMS-CMO  nat Ca nat MoO 4 crystals ~ 200 kg year.  High sensitivity in low mass WIMP.  2019-2022

13. 13 New Experiments with new ideas o New detectors for WIMP search ? Gas detectors ? o Toward ton scale DBD exp ? o Resonant EC/EC double beta decay. o Relic neutrino detection with radioactive nuclei ? o Axion search experiments ? o New detectors for WIMP search ? Gas detectors ? o Toward ton scale DBD exp ? o Resonant EC/EC double beta decay. o Relic neutrino detection with radioactive nuclei ? o Axion search experiments ?

14. 14 Short Baseline Reactor Experiment  30MW research Reactor, Small Core size ~ 20x40x60cm  Baseline 6m.  500L Main Detector  ~ 100 events /day. 6m Neutrino detector Core TopView 50L Prototype Detector built (2013) To study backgrounds @ overground and test for 6 LiLS with segmentation. Comparison w/ GdLS. 50L Prototype Detector built (2013) To study backgrounds @ overground and test for 6 LiLS with segmentation. Comparison w/ GdLS.

15. 15 VI. Time schedule KT1 Lab Underground Lab IBS Headquater

16. 10,000 1.SBL 2.Crystal growing facility 3.Clean booth 4.Chemical room 5.DR, ADR 6.Microscopes Bonding machines Storage cabinets 7.4K Probes Chemical hood Sink Machine tools 8.Compressors 10,025 1 2 3 4 5 67 8 2,525 3,025 7,025 좌측문 정문 KT1 Lab. : will be available from Nov. 2013,

17. 17 Milestones of the center 1.3rd year  KIMS-NaI experiment will show competitive or better performance as DAMA.  AMoRE-10 will achieve design goals, energy resolution and low backgrounds.  Shows ultra low background for HPGe Array & results for rare beta decays.  Demonstrate low threshold and PSD for KIMS-LT.  Succeed in Tendon Gallery neutrino experiment. 2. 5 th year (1 st Evaluation)  KIMS-NaI concludes whether DAMA data is real.  AMoRE-10 achieves “zero background” and check Klapdor’s claim.  Demonstrate KIMS-LT exp.  AMoRE-200 construction plan is ready. 3.10 th year  KIMS-LT run and achieves 10 -46 cm 2 sensitivity @ 10 GeV.  AMoRE-200 reaches the inverted mass hierarchy mass region with “zero background” data. 1.3rd year  KIMS-NaI experiment will show competitive or better performance as DAMA.  AMoRE-10 will achieve design goals, energy resolution and low backgrounds.  Shows ultra low background for HPGe Array & results for rare beta decays.  Demonstrate low threshold and PSD for KIMS-LT.  Succeed in Tendon Gallery neutrino experiment. 2. 5 th year (1 st Evaluation)  KIMS-NaI concludes whether DAMA data is real.  AMoRE-10 achieves “zero background” and check Klapdor’s claim.  Demonstrate KIMS-LT exp.  AMoRE-200 construction plan is ready. 3.10 th year  KIMS-LT run and achieves 10 -46 cm 2 sensitivity @ 10 GeV.  AMoRE-200 reaches the inverted mass hierarchy mass region with “zero background” data.

18. 18 We should make “Ultra-low backgrounds”  Radon-free air supply system. X  Ultra-pure water supply system. X  Copper electroforming facility. X  Liquid nitrogen generator. X  Radon-level monitoring system. Δ  Chemical etching facility. X  A clean room. X  Surface radiation monitoring system. X  Ultra-low HPGe Detection system. Δ  Large glove box for multiple persons Δ  Detector calibration dark room. X X : we don’t have, Δ : have a part of it. For AMoRE, and KIMS+, we need very clean environment to avoid surface contamination. Following facilities, which are not at Y2L at present, are needed.

19. 19 Low Temperature Detector Technique 148 Gd  source peak (3180 keV)  E (FWHM) = 8.76 keV 232 Th 238 U 230 Th 234 U 226 Ra 210 Po 228 Th 222 Rn 224 Ra 218 Po 216 Po 148 Gd  pileup 220 Rn We have developed low temperature detector techniques  Both KIMS+ and AMoRE will depend on how well we do in this technique. We have “1” detector We need ~ 1000 ! Efficiency & Quality control !!

20. 20 Simulations We will construct a cluster w/ 300 cores and 500 TB storage. Simulation for internal and cosmic backgrounds is critical to realize “zero” backgrounds. Simulation team will start soon after we get the machine at Daejeon. Will give answer about the muon backgrounds at 700 and 1000 meters including the activation issue and muon veto system in the simulation.

21. 21 Man power  CUNPA’s highest priority is to make AMoRE collaboration successful.  Projects of CUNPA : AMoRE, KIMS+ are recruiting post- doctoral & senior level researchers abroad.  Human resources Group Leaders : YHKim(LT), HJKim(AMoRE), … CUNPA researchers. Students @ universities & KRISS Long-term consulting professors (Adjunct position). International collaborators.

22. 22 Meetings  With CUNPA, we work together in the same place @ Daejeon & Underground Lab.  Will incorporate project managing, web page integration.  Seminars in 1 st and 3 rd Tue(?) each month  2 AMoRE collaboration meetings each year.  4 CUNPA regular meetings each year.  Weekly group meetings.

23. Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Yangyang Pumped Storage Power Plant Yangyang(Y2L) Underground Laboratory Minimum depth : 700 m / Access to the lab by car (~2km) (Upper Dam) (Lower Dam) (Power Plant) KIMS (Dark Matter Search) AMoRE (Double Beta Decay Experiment) Seoul RENO Y2L 700m 1000m

24. 24 Underground Sites considered 1.Y2L  Expansion @ A5 tunnel  New excavation @ A1 tunnel 2.Mines  Sangdong ( 상동광산 )  Handuk ( 한덕철광 )  Jangsung ( 장성탄광 ) 3.New Tunnels  대덕산  장산 For AMoRE-200, KIMS+, we need new space at least ~ 1000m 2

25. 25 Y2L expansion (700m) This plan is under examination by company now.  Permission by power company  Design  Excavation Current Lab. ~ 100m 2 New Lab. Space ~ 1000 m 2 Tunnel not used by the company.

26. 장산 (1409-550)m + 1730*0.12= 1066m (1409-600)m + 1610*0.12= 1002m Position of Tunnel Entrance

27. 27 Mine : 장성광업소 - 석탄공사

28. Vertical Shaft from +600m  -300m

30. 30 Things to consider 1.Safety 2.Depth 3.Size of the Space 4.Tunnel length needed to excavate 5.Costs & Time 6.Rock composition (U, Th, K) 7.Permission for construction.

31. 31 Conclusion Physics TechniqueSpace

33. 33 Resonant EC/EC double beta decay 156 Dy  156 Gd*  156 Gd+  -rays,x-rays

34. 34 Shielding design 25cm Pb 60 degree  30 degree ? Length of Rod : 25cm Pb + 5cm Cu + 5cm extra = 35 cm

35. 35 AMoRE 10 AMoRE 200 Effective Neutrino mass (eV) Lightest neutrino mass (eV) Toward lower neutrino mass Perspectives “zero background” experiment is the goal for AMoRE-200 and it will touch inverted mass hierarchy region.

36. 36 KIMS-CsI Upgrade I.Upgrade of the CsI(Tl) crystal detector  Change PMTs to more sensitive and low-noise types.  Lower the threshold ~ 1.5keV, <1dru, counts/(keV kg day).  This will help to clear up issues about the DAMA modulation signal.  There are abundant low energy events in current CsI(Tl) crystals that are certainly not due to physical radiation. At present these events are reduced by various cuts developed and efficiencies for these cuts are evaluated multiple-hit Compton events.  We are working to understand the origin of these events.  At present, various new PMTs coupled to CsI(Tl) crystals are being tested underground at Y2L.  There are abundant low energy events in current CsI(Tl) crystals that are certainly not due to physical radiation. At present these events are reduced by various cuts developed and efficiencies for these cuts are evaluated multiple-hit Compton events.  We are working to understand the origin of these events.  At present, various new PMTs coupled to CsI(Tl) crystals are being tested underground at Y2L.

37. 37 2013201420152016 ItemQ3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4 underground laborator y Decision on undergroun d lab. location detail design excavation design overgroun lab construction of overgro und lab IBS headquarter design IBS headquarter constru ction Prepare K1 laboratory Move SBL Detector & L ab to K1 Construct Main SBL Det ector Make Crystal Growing F acility Make Cryostat test facili ty