1. Discovering Models for State-based Processes M.L. van Eck, N. Sidorova, W.M.P. van der Aalst

2. Process Discovery SLIDE 1 Event Log Process Discovery Algorithm Process Model

3. State-based Processes SLIDE 2 Patient State Lab Testing State Combined Process Interactions

4. State-based Process Discovery SLIDE 3 1. Discovering Multi-perspective Models 2. Creating Simplified Views 3. Computing Behavioural Relations State Log Conf: 0.4 Lift: 2.0

5. State Log SLIDE 4 Case IDTimePatient StateTest State 12016-03-01RegisteredNot started …………

6. State Log SLIDE 5 Case IDTimePatient StateTest State 12016-03-01RegisteredNot started 12016-03-02RegisteredTest planned …………

7. State Log SLIDE 6 Case IDTimePatient StateTest State 12016-03-01RegisteredNot started 12016-03-02RegisteredTest planned 12016-03-04RegisteredWaiting on results 12016-03-09RegisteredResults ready 12016-03-10DiagnosedResults ready 12016-03-11In treatmentResults ready 12016-03-21HealthyResults ready 22016-03-01RegisteredNot started …………

8. State Log SLIDE 7 Case IDTimePatient StateTest State 12016-03-01 Registered Not started 12016-03-02Test planned 12016-03-04Waiting on results 12016-03-09Results ready 12016-03-10DiagnosedResults ready 12016-03-11In treatmentResults ready 12016-03-21HealthyResults ready 22016-03-01RegisteredNot started …………

9. State Log SLIDE 8 Case IDTimePatient StateTest State 12016-03-01RegisteredNot started 12016-03-02RegisteredTest planned 12016-03-04RegisteredWaiting on results 12016-03-09Registered Results ready 12016-03-10Diagnosed 12016-03-11In treatment 12016-03-21Healthy 22016-03-01RegisteredNot started …………

10. State-based Process Discovery SLIDE 9 2. Creating Simplified Views 3. Computing Behavioural Relations State Log Conf: 0.4 Lift: 2.0 1. Discovering Multi-perspective Models

11. Discovering Multi-Perspective Models SLIDE 10 Input: State Log Log for the entire process 1 per perspective Output: State Machine (SM) SM for the entire process 1 SM per perspective Assumptions: Perspectives and their possible states are known At each point in time, the state of all perspectives is known

12. Discovering Multi-Perspective Models SLIDE 11 Trivial discovery approach: Create a node for each state Draw an arc if one state changes into another Case IDTimePatient State 12016-03-01 Registered 12016-03-02 12016-03-04 12016-03-09 12016-03-10Diagnosed 12016-03-11In treatment 12016-03-21Healthy 22016-03-01Registered ……… Patient State

13. State-based Process Discovery SLIDE 12 3. Computing Behavioural Relations State Log Conf: 0.4 Lift: 2.0 1. Discovering Multi-perspective Models 2. Creating Simplified Views

14. Creating Views SLIDE 13 State Machines can be complex, with many states and transitions Focus analysis on part of process Three operations to create simplified views: Removing a transition Abstracting from a state Aggregating two states

15. Removing a Transition SLIDE 14

16. Abstracting From a State SLIDE 15 Case IDTimeTest State 12016-03-01Not started 12016-03-02Test planned 12016-03-04Waiting on results 12016-03-09 New test needed 12016-03-09 Test planned 12016-03-11 Waiting on results 12016-03-21 Results ready 12016-03-22New test needed 12016-03-22Test planned ………

17. Abstracting From a State SLIDE 16 Case IDTimeTest State 12016-03-01Not started 12016-03-02Test planned 12016-03-04Waiting on results 12016-03-09 New test needed 12016-03-09 Test planned 12016-03-11 Waiting on results 12016-03-21 Results ready 12016-03-22New test needed 12016-03-22Test planned ………

18. Abstracting From a State SLIDE 17

19. Aggregating Two States SLIDE 18 Case IDTimeTest State 12016-03-01Not started 12016-03-02Test planned 12016-03-04Waiting on results 12016-03-09 New test needed 12016-03-09 Test planned 12016-03-11 Waiting on results 12016-03-21 Results ready 12016-03-22New test needed 12016-03-22Test planned ………

20. Aggregating Two States SLIDE 19 Case IDTimeTest State 12016-03-01Not started 12016-03-02Test planned 12016-03-04Waiting on results 12016-03-09 Results ready + New test needed 12016-03-09 Test planned 12016-03-11 Waiting on results 12016-03-21 Results ready + New test needed 12016-03-22Test planned ………

21. Aggregating Two States SLIDE 20

22. Creating Views SLIDE 21 Operations to create views affect model quality: Removing a transition – replay fitness Abstracting from a state – simplicity Aggregating two states – precision Future work: suggest views based on quality metrics? For now: let the user decide

23. State-based Process Discovery SLIDE 22 State Log Conf: 0.4 Lift: 2.0 1. Discovering Multi-perspective Models 2. Creating Simplified Views 3. Computing Behavioural Relations

24. Behavioural Relations SLIDE 23

25. Behavioural Relations SLIDE 24

26. Quantifying Behavioural Relations SLIDE 25 Similar to association rules In treatment  Waiting on results Use similar metrics Support Confidence Lift

27. Quantifying Behavioural Relations SLIDE 26

28. Quantifying Behavioural Relations SLIDE 27

29. Quantifying Behavioural Relations SLIDE 28

30. Quantifying Behavioural Relations SLIDE 29

31. State-based Process Discovery SLIDE 30 State Log Conf: 1.0 Lift: 1.0 1. Discovering Multi-perspective Models 2. Creating Simplified Views 3. Computing Behavioural Relations

32. Evaluation SLIDE 31 BPI Challenge 2012 Loan application process at a Dutch financial institution 262.200 events & 13.087 cases Perspectives: State of the client’s application – A events State of the institution’s offer – O events What manual work is performed (the state of human resources involved) – W events

33. BPI Challenge 2012 SLIDE 32

34. BPI Challenge 2012 SLIDE 33

35. Evaluation SLIDE 34

36. Interactive exploration BPI 2012 SLIDE 35 Demo with BPI Challenge 2012 data!

37. Conclusions & Future Work SLIDE 36 Traditional discovery approaches have difficulties with complex multi-perspective processes State-based process mining gives simple models Interactive exploration to investigate the complex relations Available as a plug-in for ProM 6: CSMMiner Future work: Suggestions of states and transitions for aggregation or removal Show other behavioural relations

38. SLIDE 37 Questions?