1. Passive Voice I was told by my English teacher not to do that...

2. Verbs Have 5 Aspects Person – who is doing the action Number – how many people are doing the action Tense – when it happened Mood – real or unreal action Voice – is the subject doing the action

3. Options for Voice Active = the subject is doing the action The pirates chase Quintus. piratae Quintum agitant. These are the verbs you have always done. Passive = the subject is receiving the action Quintus is chased by the pirates. Quintus ā piratīs agitatur. These would be new.

4. Nota Bene The action in the previous sentences was the same. The only change was grammatical...the direct object was moved to the subject position...and the verb was changed to a passive form.

5. The endings are easy, right? Yes Add them the present stem Person & Number Present Active Present Passive 1 st singular -o-r 2 nd singular -s-ris 3 rd singular -t-tur 1 st plural -mus-mur 2 nd plural -tis-mini 3 rd plural -nt-ntur

6. But my favorite tense is the IMPF Add them to the present stem Person & Number Imperfect Active Imperfect Passive 1 st singular -bam-bar 2 nd singular -bas-baris 3 rd singular -bat-batur 1 st plural -bamus-bamur 2 nd plural -batis-bamini 3 rd plural -bant-bantur

7. So what does that look like? Person & Number Present Passive Imperfect Passive 1 st singular portorportabar 2 nd singular portarisportabaris 3 rd singular portaturportabatur 1 st plural portamurportabamur 2 nd plural portaminiportabamini 3 rd plural portanturportabantur

8. Wait, how do I translate it? When you translate a passive voice verb, you must use a helping verb to indicate tense. Say it with me: I must use a helping verb to indicate tense when I translate a passive verb. Translation = helping verb + past participle

9. Seriously, how do I translate it? Person & Number Present Passive English 1 st singular portorI am carried 2 nd singular portarisYou are carried 3 rd singular portaturShe is carried 1 st plural portamurWe are carried 2 nd plural portaminiYou are carried 3 rd plural portanturThey are carried

10. And the Imperfect? Person & Number Imperfect Passive English 1 st singular portabarI was carried 2 nd singular portabarisYou were carried 3 rd singular portabaturShe was carried 1 st plural portabamurWe were carried 2 nd plural portabaminiYou were carried 3 rd plural portabanturThey were carried

11. Difference between active & passive Person & Number Present ActivePresent Passive 1 st singular I carryI am carried 2 nd singular You carryYou are carried In the active voice the subject (I or you) is doing the carrying. In the passive voice the subject is being carried.

12. Exempla ego ad forum ā servīs portor. Who is doing the carrying? Quintus ad navem ā piratīs portabatur.

13. Plus Exempla amicī ā Caeciliō salutabantur. Caecilius ab amicīs salutabatur. dona regī ā virīs dantur.