1.  It’s your future - the world you will be growing up in, the world you will be taking over for future generations  To prevent and treat genetic diseases, to improve medicines and food supply………… Why is it important for you to know about gene technology?

2. Unit 3 - Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology (Ch. 11 & 13) 1.Illustrate the structural component of DNA and create a flow- chart of DNA replication 2.Describe and illustrate (with a flow chart) the three different types of RNA and their roles in Transcription and Translation. 3.Recognize different causes of mutations and how they can lead to changes (both good and bad) within organisms. 4.Recognize and recall different tools and methods to test for DNA as well as manipulate genes. 5.Define Biotechnology 6.Identify methods used to extract DNA and make copies of DNA 7.List methods and terminology in genetic engineering and identification (ie. Vectors, Plasmids, Restriction Enzymes) 8.List methods used to engineer and identify transgenic organisms 9.Analyze Gel Electrophoresis stains to see genes that have been separated to identify particular traits 10.Describe the process of Polymerase Chain Reaction, and give at least one reason why this is a good technology tool to use 11.Identify the project used to map out the entire sequencing of the human genome.

3.  4: Same as a 3.0 but I can make inferences & application to the SWBAT’s  3: I COMPLETELY understand all parts of the SWBAT  2: I understand MOST of the SWBAT’s with teacher help  1:I understand a little of the SWBAT’s but need teacher help  0:I do NOT understand any part of the SWBAT’s and need help!

4. I. Applied Genetics A. Selective Breeding - increasing the frequency of desired alleles in a population. Ex: Milk Production 1947 - average milk cow produced4,997 lbs/year 1997 - average milk cow produced 16,915 lbs/year

5. 1. Inbreeding - mating between closely related individuals. a. This ensures the offspring are homozgous for most traits. b. Brings out harmful recessive traits. 2. Hybrid - crossing of 2 pure breeds, to obtain the best of both breeds.

6.  Making human proteins in bacteria (insulin, clotting factor for hemophilia)  Improving medicines – antibiotics, vaccines  Genes placed in crop plants to make them more resistant to pests, produce more  Genes put in farm animals to make them bigger, leaner  Replacing defective genes in humans with a copy that works (gene therapy )  Forensics – criminal investigations Moving genes from one organism to another

7. II. Recombinant DNA Technology A. Genetic Engineering - cutting (cleaving) DNA from one organism into small fragments and inserting the fragments into a host organism 1. Method of increasing frequency of desired alleles in a population at a much faster rate than selective breeding.

8. 2. Recombinant DNA - made by connecting fragments of DNA from different sources. 3. Transgenic organisms - contain functional recombinant DNA (contain foreign DNA) a. Isolate a DNA fragment i.Restriction Enzyme – bacterial proteins that have the ability to cut both strands of the DNA molecule at a specific nucleotide sequence.

9. b. Vectors transfer DNA i. means by which DNA from another species can be carried into the host cell. ii. biological vectors include viruses and plasmids - small ring of DNA found in a bacterial cell.

10. c.Gene splicing - rejoining of DNA fragments d. Gene cloning i. Recombined DNA placed in bacterial cells ii. clones - genetically indentical copies

11.  Making a genetically identical organism from a parent cell  “Xerox” copy  Dolly the lamb  Nucleus removed from egg  Replaced with nucleus from adult cell  Ethical issues  “playing God”  Human cloning  Genetically superior individuals

12. B. Applications of DNA technology 1. Industry a. break down pollutants (biological clean-up) b. extract minerals from ores

13. 2. Medicine a. Create hGH - treat individuals with dwarfism b. Make insulin - treat individuals with diabetes c. Make phenylalanine - needed to make artificial sweetners

14. 3. Agriculture a. Disease resistant plants b. Increase rate of nitrogen fixation *Natural fertilizer c. Bigger/better organisms

15. III. The Human Genome A. Mapping & sequencing the Human Genome 1. Human genome - approximately 60 - 100,000 genes on the 46 human chromosomes.

16. B. Applications of the Human Genome Project 1. Diagnosis of genetic disorders prior to birth 2. Gene therapy - insertion of normal genes into human cells to correct genetic disorders. 3. DNA fingerprinting a. No two individuals (except identical twins) have the same exact DNA.

17.  Manipulating DNA  Cutting and joining  PCR Amplification  Cloning  DNA fingerprinting  Sequencing  Using bacteria and other cell cultures to make more DNA of our choice

18. Cutting up DNA 1. DNA can be cut into very specific lengths 2. DNA pieces can be separated out and sorted by length using method called GEL ELECTROPHORESIS 3. Different DNA makes different patterns that can be compared to other DNA samples

19. DNA is sorted by the size of the pieces Large Smal l

20.  The human genome has 3.2 billion base pairs  We can pick out one small area of interest and amplify (make lots of copies of) that area to work with  Advantage: needs a very, very small amount of original sample

21.  Application  Forensics (identify criminals, victims)  Genetic testing (identify family members, hereditable diseases)  Example: OJ Simpson murder case

22.  Provides a profile of an individual's genes  Can use this information to estimate how closely related individuals are

23.  Provides a profile of an individual's genes  Can use this information to estimate how closely related individuals are

25.  Match the profile of the evidence (sperm sample DNA) to the DNA sample of the defendant

26. Unit 3 - Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology (Ch. 11 & 13) 1.Illustrate the structural component of DNA and create a flow- chart of DNA replication 2.Describe and illustrate (with a flow chart) the three different types of RNA and their roles in Transcription and Translation. 3.Recognize different causes of mutations and how they can lead to changes (both good and bad) within organisms. 4.Recognize and recall different tools and methods to test for DNA as well as manipulate genes. 5.Define Biotechnology 6.Identify methods used to extract DNA and make copies of DNA 7.List methods and terminology in genetic engineering and identification (ie. Vectors, Plasmids, Restriction Enzymes) 8.List methods used to engineer and identify transgenic organisms 9.Analyze Gel Electrophoresis stains to see genes that have been separated to identify particular traits 10.Describe the process of Polymerase Chain Reaction, and give at least one reason why this is a good technology tool to use 11.Identify the project used to map out the entire sequencing of the human genome.

27.  4: Same as a 3.0 but I can make inferences & application to the SWBAT’s  3: I COMPLETELY understand all parts of the SWBAT  2: I understand MOST of the SWBAT’s with teacher help  1:I understand a little of the SWBAT’s but need teacher help  0:I do NOT understand any part of the SWBAT’s and need help!