1. HOMEWORK CHECK With your closest table mates: Write the answer to your assigned question. Remember to show work!

2. Resources & Reserves

3. Resources ≠ Reserves Resources – amounts of material that are known/ assumed to exist that can be extracted NOW or in the FUTURE for a POSSIBLE profit $ Reserves – known amounts of material that can PRESENTLY be extracted for a PROFIT – “proven”

4. Changing estimates Why do reserves of resources usually last much longer than most early estimates predict? How does technology influence the estimates of reserves and resources?

5. Resource Depletion static, exponential, real world

6. Energy – Where does it come from? ES 302

7. Objectives What is energy? What forms does it come in & how do we use it? Understand that ALL sources of energy have costs and benefits

8. What is Energy? Energy  “The ability to do work”. Remember: The amount of energy in the universe is constant. What are the 2 major laws??? - Laws of thermodynamics What are the 6 major forms? - light, chemical, nuclear, mechanical, electrical, heat

9. Make a circuit Circuit = energy circle

11. What is electricity? The movement of electrons As electrons move through metal wires, they rub against the wire – creating friction. This resistance creates heat and even light! But where does this supply of electrons come from?

12. What is a watt? 1 watt = energy to lift 100 g (or 1 Newton) in 1.0 seconds. It is a measure of energy over time

13. Other Units of Energy 1 calorie 1 Btu (British thermal unit) 1 Q (quad) = 1 quadrillion Btu (very large!) – The U.S. uses ~ 1 quad of energy about every 3.7 days 1 kWh = one kilowatt of electricity over 1 hour

14. How is electricity made? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbUjieML FSo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbUjieML FSo Can you list the steps? Check it out!

15. Magnets & Generators Energy sources, for example coal, are burned which boils water, which produces steam The steam spins a turbine The turbine spins a magnet The magnet creates a flow of electrons This flow of electrons travels from the power plant to your home!

17. How can changing a light bulb reduce greenhouse gases?

18. 1 st Law of Thermodynamics “Conservation of Energy Law” – Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Energy in the universe is constant. If you can’t destroy energy, you CAN change its form! – EX: Matches – EX: Light Bulb

19. 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics “Energy Quality Law” – When energy changes form, some useful energy is always degraded to lower quality, less useful energy. Low temperature heat is the least useful energy form! EX: 90% of energy in gas (chemical) is changed to heat! Only 5-10% of the electricity flowing through a light bulb is converted to light energy (the rest is heat).

21. Energy Quality Energy in = Energy Out But the quality is always lower

22. It takes energy to get energy Before it’s useful… Oil must be  1.Found 2.Pumped 3.Transported 4.Refined 5.Transported 6.burned

23. Net energy Total useful energy available from the resource over its lifetime minus the amount of energy used and wasted Example: – 10 units of energy in oil in ground – Use 8 units to find, extract, process, transport – 2 units of net energy available

25. Energy Quality The measure of the energy’s ability to be used to produce mechanical or electrical energy Low temperature heat has the LOWEST quality – You can’t cook with it, you can’t move anything with it, you can’t even heat with it – Power plants are designed to release it into space

27. Did you beat Mrs. Loch? You analyzed your (presumed) usage of electricity – That energy is secondary Primary Energy Resources: The fossil fuels(oil, gas, and coal), nuclear energy, falling water, geothermal, and solar energy. Secondary Energy Resources: Those sources which are derived from primary resources such as electricity, fuels from coal, (synthetic natural gas and synthetic gasoline), as well as alcohol fuels.

28. How can changing a light bulb reduce greenhouse gases?

29. CFL – compact fluorescent lightbulb Incandescent CFL life span: 1,500 hours 10,000 hours Watts:6014 Annual $: $76.65 $328.60 Over the course of 30 years, having CFL lightbulbs in your house can save you around $20,000! http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/translating-uncle-sam/stories/cfl-vs-incandescent-battle-of-the-bulb

30. Two sides to everything.

32. Byproducts of electrical generation Burning coal  Air: Mercury, CO2, SO2, NO2, fly ash  Water: thermal pollution, acid rain  Ground: bottom ash

33. Example of the Laws of Conservation of Matter and Thermodynamics Global Warming Acid Rain Smog Burning Coal = CO 2 + SO + H 2 0 + Ash + (C x H x S x O x ) Light + Noise + Heat

35. CaCO3 (n) [building] + H2SO4 (aq) [acid rain] → Ca2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) + H2O + CO2

37. Acids and Bases Water molecules can react to form individual ions: H 2 O H+ + OH- In pure water this occurs naturally but the amount of H+ is always = to the amount of OH- so water remains neutral

38. ACID:Any compound that forms H+ ions in solution BASE: Any cmpnd that forms 0H- ions in solution

39. Example of the Laws of Conservation of Matter and Thermodynamics Global Warming Acid Rain Smog Burning Coal = CO 2 + SO + H 2 0 + Ash + (C x H x S x O x ) Light + Noise + Heat

41. Cartoon: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1O34cqerqshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1O34cqerqs Mini-FBL lesson

42. What processes involve the transfer of carbon?

43. Carbon Cycle Drawing Make your own, UNIQUE, drawing of the carbon cycle. Include the following: – Photosynthesis, decomposition, respiration, combustion (LABEL ALL) – Include yourself somewhere in the cycle – Point out where humans interfere/alter the carbon cycle

45. What is our best immediate energy option? 1. Cut out unnecessary energy waste by improving energy efficiency 2. Transition to a renewable or solar age – Sun, wind, flowing water, biomass, geothermal, hydrogen gas 3. Burn more coal & synthetic gas/liquids 4. Natural gas 5. Nuclear power

46. Other Units of Energy 1 calorie = amount of heat needed to heat 1 g of water 1 degree Celsius – 1 cal = 4.187 Joules 1 Btu (British thermal unit) = amount of heat energy needed to raise the temp of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Farenheit – 1 Btu = 1,054 joules; 252 calories 1 Q (quad) = 1 quadrillion Btu (very large!) – The U.S. uses ~ 1 quad of energy about every 3.7 days

47. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xPjES- sHwg&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xPjES- sHwg&feature=related – Very slow explanation of current & voltage. Nice analogy to water (river, lake) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7Sz8oT8 ou0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7Sz8oT8 ou0 – Cardboard generator constrxn (7:44)