2. 2

3. Challenging Reveal physics beyond the Standard Model Unique opportunity to measure Standard Model parameters Precision test of the Standard Model “New Physics” Additional particles??New Model?? 3

4. Particles change into other particles. This happens when an original particle no longer exists and gives up its energy to form other particles. Decay not occurring very often. Infrequent,Golden,remarkable. 4

5. ? 5

6. 6

7. 2012 LHC 7

8. Photon feels the electric charge but does not carry it. - ieγ μ 8

9. Gluons feel the colour charge and carry it 9

10. Weak Bosons feel the Flavour but does not carry it. Charge current is responsible for flavor change Charge currents Neutral currents 10

11. 11

12. Z0Z0 sin 2  w = 0.2326 d,b s,b d,s c,t u,t u.c 12

13. c L = c V + c A c L = c V - c A 13

14. d,b s,b d,s c,t u,t u.c 14

15. d,b s,b d,s c,t u,t u.c 15

16. K 0  +  - K +  + e 1970 ’ s ++ u W+W+ s  ++ d ?? 0 s -- K 0  +  - strangeness changing neutral current 16

17. s ?? 0 s d d If we add the two amplitudes together we get: + 17

18. K 0  +  - ++ d ?? 0 s -- 18

19. Extension of GIM is CKM matrix, so we require higher order diagrams like box and penguin. 19

20. Consequently SM accommodates:Consequently SM accommodates: CP violation (Matter dominance) Flavor changing neutral current (Rare Decays) This implies 20

21. Analysis whole spectrum of pseudoscalar mesons Beyond SM 21

22. Observe Clear deviation in FCNC (loop level ) involving neutrinos Reason is obvious BUT 22

23. Both inBoth in Model independentModel independent Model dependentModel dependent & 23

24. NSIs incorporates non universal flavor diagonal (FD) and flavor non diagonal (FND) interactions, NSIs will effect production, propagation and detection of neutrinos New Physics parameter 24

25. Charm top Rare decays of mesons involving neutrinos in final states 25

26. Rare decays of mesons involving neutrinos in final states 26

27. Tree Level Process New Physics Scale 27

28. 28

29. c-quark and t-quark in the loop for s-quark and b-quark in the loop for With s-quark With b-quark 29

30. Reaction Theoretical BrExperimental Br NSI Br with uNSI with cNSI with t ~ unknown~ ~ ReactionTheoreticalExperimentalNSI with dNSI with sNSI with b <unknown~ < ~ < ~ 30

31. 31

32. 32

33. Unrestricted couplings lead to proton decay: L-violatingB-violatingL-violating General soft breaking terms include: Proton u d uu _ e-e- Pion Unacceptably high rate compared to experimental limits (proton lifetime > 10 33 years) Strong limits on products of couplings Impose R P = (-1) 3B+L+2S (by hand) –Distinguishes SM from SUSY partners –Leads to stable LSP Required for dark matter –Sparticles produced in pairs s _ ~ 33

34. This Lagrangian gives rise to decays of charged as well as the neutral Mesons 34

35. Decay width 35

36. 36

37. 37

38. 38

39. 39

40. 40

41. 41

42. 42

43. 43

44. We analyzed a good number of decays processes in R –parity violating model, out of which,good number and are suitable for calculation and comparison of their branching fractions against common parameters and. The analysis distinguishes important processes to be studied at various accelerator facilities like the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC), Fermilab and CLEO detector. 44

45. We have examined rare decays involving neutral leptons in their final state, in the frame work of Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions (NSIs) to find out the constraints on free parameter, where f is representing any quark. We have calculated the Branching ratios of these reactions for three generations of quarks. The comparison for the BR of all generations guides us that: The NSIs effects of all the quarks generation must be included in the decays BR for 1 st and 2nd generations are comparable but for the third generation are very small (contrary to SM) 45

46. The constraints are for up type quarks and 46

47. 1)Hints of new physics from, and decays Shakeel MahmoodShakeel Mahmood, Farida Tahir, Azeem Mir,Modern Physics Letters A Vol. 30, No. 01, 1550004 (2015).Farida TahirAzeem MirModern Physics Letters A 2)NSIs in semileptonic rare decays of mesons induced by second generation of quarks (c-quark and s-quark) Shakeel MahmoodShakeel Mahmood, Farida Tahir, Azeem Mir,International Journal of Modern Physics A Vol. 30, No. 04n05, 1550024 (2015).Farida TahirAzeem MirInternational Journal of Modern Physics A 3)Hints of NSIs from, and Shakeel MahmoodShakeel Mahmood, Farida Tahir, Azeem Mir,International Journal of Modern Physics A Vol. 30, No. 02, 1550013 (2015).Farida TahirAzeem MirInternational Journal of Modern Physics A 4) Study of pure and semileptonic decays of Ds meson within R-parity violating supersymmetric model Farida Tahir, Azeem Mir, Shakeel Mahmood, Chinese Physics C Vol. 38, No. 12, 123101 (2014). Farida TahirAzeem Mir Shakeel Mahmood 47

48. 48

49. 49

50. Universal 50