1. TUESDAY  Agenda  Finish Govt Activity  Athens/Sparta PPT  Athens vs Sparta Venn Diagram  What’s Next  Movie Day

2. Did YOU Know?!?  Your home is ten times more likely to have a fire than be burglarized.  Burrito means “little donkey”.  Nearly 10% of American households dress their pets in Halloween costumes.  Under extreme stress, some octopuses will eat their own arms!

3. Sparta and Athens

4. A Shift in Government  Polis controlled primarily by monarchs between 1000 and 700 BCE.  Power then shifted to men who owned land and had money - nobility/aristocracy.  As wealth spread through increased trade and militaries emerged power shifted to small groups of citizens in some and to the citizens in others.  Sparta- Oligarchy  Athens- Democracy

5. Sparta  Located in Southern Greece.  Warring polis- chose to conquer rather than colonize  The city was landlocked (no access to water)  Forced to depend on a large slave population and agriculture for wealth.

6. Spartan Society RRigid social structure with several groups: CCitizens - those who descended from original inhabitants RRuling families who owned land. NNoncitizens - free individuals who worked in commerce and industry. HHelots - Unfree individuals who farmed the land for the state. SSlaves - household servants and those who worked for warriors

7. Spartan Government  Sparta formed an oligarchy- rule by a small group of people  Spartan government consisted of two groups: 1. Assembly: 1. All free adult males 2. Elected officials and voted on major issues 2. Council of Elders- rich landowners 1. The most powerful people in Sparta 2. Proposed laws that the assembly voted on 3. Two kings controlled the military.

8. Spartan Life  Created a powerful military state  Men’s life centered around military training.  Boys left home at the age of seven to begin military training.  Goal was to create a dominate military.  Led to a lack of arts and freedom  Focus was on Sparta.  Had few individual liberties.  Women managed family estates while men served Sparta.

9. Athens  Located in eastern Greece, north of Sparta.  Had access to the Aegean Sea  Established wealth based on trade.  Developed a dominate navy to protect trade

10. Athenian Government  Common clashes between rich and common people  Many excluded from decision making (in addition to the )Poor  Slaves constituted 1/3 of the population  Women managed the household  Peasants demanded a written code of laws.  To avoid war, attempted to give more power to the people- beginnings of democracy

11. Rise of Tyrants Unrest among peasants led to the rise of Tyrants Leaders who supported the poor Draco Wrote the first code of laws around 622 BCE focusing on propery. Favored the upper classes. Included “debt slavery”- farmers worked as slaves to pay their debt Solon given full power after Draco to avoid war Wrote a code that did the following: — Allowed more citizens to participate and debate policies in the Athenian assembly. — Limited the power of the nobility — No debt slavery — Charges can be brought against wrongdoers — Beginnings of Democracy

12.  Developed a limited democracy - rule by the people.  Citizens = free adult males  Only 1/5 of population considered citizens  Assemblies formed to represent people  Met in public debates to discuss issues  Included all citizens  Council of 500  Proposed laws and counseled assemblies  Selected from citizens at random Athenian Democracy