1. Excretory System

2. Functions of the Excretory System To eliminate wastes from the body If wastes aren’t eliminated, toxic substances build up and damage organs.

3. Parts of the Excretory System 1. Lungs: removes carbon dioxide from the body

4. Parts of the Excretory System 2. Liver: detoxifies harmful and poisonous substances Forms ammonia, which is toxic to the body. It converts ammonia to urea

5. Parts of the Excretory System 3. Skin: through sweating, it rids the body of water, salts, and some urea

6. Parts of the Excretory System 4. Urinary System Kidneys: Made of filtering units called nephrons Filter blood by removing water, sugar, salt, and wastes Proteins and red blood cells are left in the blood. Reabsorb most water, sugar, and salt. Forms Urine, which contains water, salt, urea, and other wastes. Sugar left in the urine is a sign of diabetes

7. Parts of the Excretory System Ureters: Urine flows from the kidney through the ureter to the bladder Bladder: stores urine Urethra: pathway in which the urine exits the body

8. Urinary Diseases and Disorders When the kidneys do not function properly waste products that are not removed build up and become poisonous to the body

9. Urinary Diseases and Disorders Kidney Failure: results from the kidneys not functioning properly. An imbalance of salts leads to kidney damage and fluid retention The overworked kidneys go into failure

10. Urinary Diseases and Disorders Kidney Infection: Can be caused by microorganisms Starts by infecting the bladder. If it goes undetected and untreated it can spread to the kidneys Can be treated with antibiotics

11. Urinary Diseases and Disorders Kidney Stones: Block the narrow tubes of the ureters and urethra Prevents the flow of urine out of the body If the blockage is not corrected it will damage the kidney. Can be treated by surgery Stents, which can widen the ureters can be implanted to allow for the stone to pass.

13. Urinary Diseases and Disorders Dialysis If both kidneys fail in a person the person will undergo dialysis Dialysis uses a machine to filter the blood

14. Urinary Diseases and Disorders Gout Uric acid (solid crystals) is produced and deposited in extremities and joints This causes swelling and pain