1. Collisions on our Road Network NRA HD 15 Network Safety Ranking Forbes Vigors Project Manager Road Safety National Roads Authority fvigors@nra.ie

2. RSA (Road Safety Authority)

3. ASSHTO

4. PIARC (World Road Association)

5. DoE (Department of the Environment)

7. Collision Numbers in Ireland

8. In 2009, of the 26,495 Garda-recorded motor vehicle traffic collisions, 238 people were killed, 9,742 people were injured of which 640 were seriously injured, and 19,880 collisions involved property or material damage only. Source Road Collision Facts 2009, Published by the Roads Safety Authority Source Garda Website - Traffic, http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=1368&Lang=1 Fatal Collisions and Deaths 2012 – Spreadsheet released by An Garda Síochána on a daily basis 2009, 2010 – Road Safety Authority 2012, – An Garda Síochána The number of Irish road deaths fell to 212 in 2010, the lowest level on record, down 26 from 2009. The Government’s road safety target of achieving no more than 252 deaths per annum by the end of 2012 was achieved three years ahead of schedule. The 212 who died consisted of 44 pedestrians, 5 cyclists, 91 drivers, 55 passengers and 17 bikers.

11. Gathering Collision Data

12. Method’s of Collection Gardaí First Officer on the scene complete a PC16 Form Forensic Collision Investigator Called is possibility of a Fatality or a crime scene Local Authority Engineer Completes an LA16 Form

13. PC16 Lifecycle

14. Gathering the Data – Local Authorities – LA 16 Form Fatal and Serious injury collisions jointly reviewed by Investigating Garda Team member & Area Engineer. Standard Form – LA16 Implementation Phase commenced in Oct 2007 Form Revised end 2008 Return Rate 75 – 85%

15. Gathering the Data – Local Authorities

16. Network Review & Road Safety Improvement Schemes

17. HD 15 Network Safety Ranking

18. Network Safety Ranking: Means a method for identifying, analysing and classifying parts of the existing road network according to their potential for safety development and accident cost savings. (EU Road Infrastructure Safety Management Directive). Definitions Ranking of high accident concentration sections or high collision concentration sections: Means a method to identify, analyse and rank sections of the road network which have been in operation for more than three years and upon which a large number of fatal accidents in proportion to the traffic flow have occurred. (EU Road Infrastructure Safety Management Directive). Network Safety Ranking: Means a method for identifying, analysing and classifying parts of the existing road network according to their potential for safety development and accident cost savings. (EU Road Infrastructure Safety Management Directive). General The objective of this Standard is to identify sections or locations on the road network which have a high concentration of collisions and to rank the safety of the road network. Definitions Ranking of high accident concentration sections or high collision concentration sections: Means a method to identify, analyse and rank sections of the road network which have been in operation for more than three years and upon which a large number of fatal accidents in proportion to the traffic flow have occurred. (EU Road Infrastructure Safety Management Directive).

19. Fatal Collision: Where at least one person is killed as a result of the collision and death occurs within 30 days. Serious Injury Collision: Is an injury for which the person is detained in hospital as an ‘in- patient’, or any of the following injuries whether or not detained in hospital: fractures, concussion, internal injuries, crushing, severe cuts and lacerations, severe general shock requiring medical treatment. Minor Injury Collision: Where there are no deaths or serious injuries. A ‘minor injury’ is an injury of a minor character such as a sprain or bruise. Material Damage Collision: Where there are no deaths or injuries. A collision is a ‘material damage collision’ if damage is caused to a vehicle or property.

20. Potential for Improvement (P.I.): The Potential for Improvement is the difference between the Average Collision Rate for the Reference Population and the Site Collision Rate. Potential for Improvement (P.I.): The Potential for Improvement is the difference between the Average Collision Rate for the Reference Population and the Site Collision Rate. High Concentration of Collisions or High Collision Location (HCL): A High Collision Location is a Site on the Network which has a Collision Rate twice above the Average Collision Rate for the Reference Population, and three or more collisions within the previous three years. Assessment Team: A site inspection is undertaken by a competent Assessment Team which consists of a minimum of two persons. At least one member of the assessment team shall meet the NRA training and experience requirements.

21. Ranking of high accident concentration sections or high collision concentration sections:

22. To meet the objective, AADT is a more appropriate exposure measure than population data. Linear objects (route data) facilitates the referencing of collisions and AADT as linear sections of the network. Example: From Ch 10 to Ch 20 AADT=5000 From Ch 10 to Ch 20 seven collision occurred Collision rates can be calculated for each site within a reference population. AADT (2004) on national roads. Network Analysis

23. Population 1 = All Motorway Sites Population 2 = Dual Carriageway Sites Population 4 = All Remaining Sites Population 3 = Urban Sites SOURCE: NRA, ARAN Spatial Survey 2005 M4 KilcockN4 Sligo IRR N59 Ballysadare N4 north of Castlebaldwin Reference Populations Subsets of road network that have similar features and are expected to have a similar safety record

24. Motorway Sites Dual Carriageway Sites All Remaining Sites Urban Sites Reference Populations An average collision rate is calculated for each population and compared to all sites within it. The site is considered deviant when its collision rate exceeds twice the average for the reference population. An average frequency rate is calculated for each population and compared to all sites within it. The site is considered deviant when its frequency rate exceeds twice the average for the reference population. Extent of Site

25. Below average rate for reference population Twice below average rate for reference population Above average rate for reference population Twice above average rate for reference population Collision Rates Collisions per Mveh – km of travel Standard 1km length sites

26. Collision Frequency Twice below average frequency for reference population Below average frequency for reference population Above average frequency for reference population Twice above average frequency for reference population

27. Collision Frequency - Advantages The simplicity of the principle involved, (although a lot of GIS is required). Sites with high number of collisions are readily detected. Collision Frequency – Disadvantages Does not take into account the collision severity. Does not take into account the random nature of collisions. There is a bias towards high traffic volume sites. Collision Frequency Vs Collision Rates Collision Rate - Advantages Takes into account the traffic volume – exposure to risk. It is the most widely used identification principle that facilitates site comparison Collision Rate - Disadvantages The traffic volume must be known at each site. Does not take into account the random nature of collisions. Does not take into account the collision severity. Assumes a linear relationship between traffic volume and collisions There is a bias towards low volume traffic sites.

28. Collision Frequency & Collision Rates Filter / Combination = = + + To help reduce the effect of the bias in-built in both types of analysis, deviant sites are only marked hazardous when both thresholds are exceeded within their own reference populations. Collision Frequency Collision Rate Hazardous Sites

29. Initial Desktop Exercise Completed

30. Development of a Central Database – Initial Review

32. Detailed Review of the Identified Sites

35. Network Safety Ranking:

36. Prioritising the schemes on the Network All Sites which are identified as having an engineering remedial solution will be ranked against all other High Collision Locations on the Network, according to the potential First Year Rate of Return for the preferred option at each Site.

37. Additional Benefits

38. HD 17 Road Safety Inspections Which Route do you inspect first Network Ranked under each of the following headings Total Collision Rate Total Fatality Rate % of Route twice above Aver Collision Rate (ACR) % of Route above ACR % of Route below ACR % of Route twice below ACR

39. HD 17 Road Safety Inspections Collision Trends per Route Collision Trends, Comparing Route with Collision Trends for the R.P Collision Severity Fatal, Serious, Minor Collision Location Junction, Bend, Straight... Weather Conditions Dry, Wet, Fog, Snow... Surface Conditions Dry, Wet, Snow, Ice... Primary Collision Type Ped, Single Vehicle Loss of Control, Rear-End, Turning Right... Single Vehicle Collided With Bollard, Ditch, Wall, Gate, Pole...