1. Liquids By: Zari Brooks,Margeau Cutter, Hannah Douglas, Jake Walbert, Gracie Schaffner

2. Hook, Line, and Sinker https://youtu.be/u7RPvOOjCvE

3. What Makes a Liquid a Liquid? Fluid- is a substance that can flow and therefore take the shape of its container Vaporization- the process by which a liquid or solid changes to a gas Evaporation- the process by which particles escape from the surface of a non boiling liquid and enter the gas state Freezing- the physical change of a liquid to a solid by removal of energy as heat

4. Properties of liquids The Basics It has definite volume No definite shape Most liquids flow uphill Are in constant motion Not bound together in fixed positions Now for the Real Scientific Jive ● Relatively high density ● Relative incompressibility ● Ability to diffuse ● Surface tension ● Evaporation and boiling

5. Relatively High Density Most substances are hundreds of times denser as liquid than a gas and only slightly less dense in a liquid state than in a solid state Water is one of the few substances that is less dense when it solidifies At the same temperature and pressure liquids can differ greatly in density

6. Relative Incompressibility When compressed by pressure the volume of a liquid only slightly decreases Liquids are much less compressible than gases ● For example: ○ liquid water at 20 ℃ is compressed by a pressure of 1000 atm, its volume decreases by only 4%

7. Ability to Diffuse Liquids can gradually diffuse and mix with other liquids This process is much slower in liquids than in gases because the particles are closer together It does occur more rapidly as the temperature is increased due to the average kinetic energy being increased

8. Surface Tension A force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid’s surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size Results from the attractive forces between particles of a liquid Capillary Action The attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid This is when the liquid rises due to surface tension Example: Chromatography

9. Evaporation Boiling Occurs when the particles of a liquid have different kinetic energies The particles with higher-than- average energies move faster and can overcome the intermolecular forces that bind them to the liquid This allows them to escape into a gas state Change of a liquid to bubbles of vapor This occurs when the liquid is heated to its boiling point

10. Formation of Solids This occurs when the liquid is cooled and the energy particles decreases When the energy is low enough, the attractive forces pull particles into an even more orderly arrangement This physical change can be called freezing or solidification All liquids freeze but not all freeze at the same temperature For example: Water freezes at 0 ℃ Ethanol freezes at -114 ℃

11. Questions??? Hint: Test Questions ;) 1) What temperature does water freeze at? a) 0 ℃ b) 72 ℃ c) 100 ℃ d) 69 ℃ 2) Which has the most density? a) Water b) Oil c) Salt water d) Rubbing alcohol

12. 3) When heat is removed from a liquid what is created? a) Vapor b) Solid c) Gas d) Still a liquid 4)When compressed by pressure the volume of liquid changes drastically. True or False? 5) ALL Liquids have the same density at the same temperature. True or False?