1. Desean Lee, M.S., Rasheed Ivey, M.S., Shehla Pervin, Ph. D., and Theodore Friedman M.D., Ph. D. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine & Sciences-UCLA School of Medicine, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA. 1

2.  Smoking Tobacco and High Fat Diet  Both have been correlated to cancer.  Doll, 1990 and Calle, 2004  Societal Changes ◦ Sin Taxes ◦ Restaurant bans ◦ City ordinances ◦ Institutional bans  Smoking cessation and alternatives to smoking ◦ Nicotine patch treatment ◦ Smokeless tobacco ◦ Various smoking cessation drugs Background 2

3.  Cigarette Smoking ◦ In 2009 there were roughly 46.6 million smokers ◦ In 2010 there were over 443,000 smoking and tobacco related deaths nationwide  8.6 million were living with a serious illness associated with smoking  Cancer- 40% ◦ Economic Impact  96 billion dollars in direct health care cost  97 billion dollars in lost productivity  More than the individual GDP’s of over 135 countries 3

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5.  Smoking tobacco+ high fat diet= increased cancer risk ◦ (Doll, 1990) and (Calle, 2004)  Cancer + Time = Increased risk of early death  What about trying to quit??  Nicotine Patch or Smokeless Tobacco + Diet =??? ◦ Nicotine or Vehicle + Diet ⇌ Cancer cell proliferation ◦ 5

6. Stem Cells / Early Progenitors Cancer Stem Cells Tumor Differentiated Cells De-differentiated Cells **Fat environment promotes cancer + stromal fiberblast

7. Nicotine in combination with dietary fat induces hepatocellular apoptosis (detected by TUNEL and by electron microscopy) NIC+NCD NIC+HFD * HFD + NIC L L

8. Specific Aim 1: To examine the effect of nicotine and/or high fat in initiation and progression of breast tumor. Hypothesis: High Fat Diet will promote initiation and progression of breast tumor while Nicotine may slow the process. 8

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10.  Nude immuno-deficient mice were pretreated with nicotine for three weeks before injecting breast cancer cells from established cell line MDA-MB-231.  Mice were separated in in two control and two test groups. Control groups were given regular or high fat diets and injected with saline. Test groups were given regular or high fat diets and injected with nicotine.  Control animals had the highest rate of cell proliferation, and nicotine appeared to have a protective effect against the cancer proliferation. 10

11.  Nicotine being pro-apoptotic, attenuated cancer cell proliferation, whereas High Fat Diet enhanced cell proliferation. ◦ People using smokeless nicotinic therapies may have reduced risk of cancer. ◦ High fat diets and obesity may increase risk of cancer. 11

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