1. 6 th Meeting on the Arab Network of Nuclear Regulators (ANNuR) 02-04 March 2015 Wael El-Gammal Supervisor, Nuclear Safeguards and Nuclear Security Sector Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority (ENRRA) Evolution and capabilities of some ENRRA functions (Safeguards and Security) Status of the Nuclear Regulatory Bodies in Arab Countries

2. Outlines Background How the Egyptian System of Nuclear Material Accounting and Control (ESAC) found its way ESAC Obligations - Objectives – Scope – Elements ESAC tools and capabilities What we can support Our needs

3. Safeguards and ESAC Creation IAEA Founding Members:1958 Compr. SGs Agreement:1982 NPT signature:1968 NPT ratification:1981 New SGs. measures:1996 & 1997 Text of Agreement:1983INFCIRC 302 Importance of ESAC establishment was recognized

4. National System for Safeguards Obligation Objectives Scope Elements - Legal basis - Authority and responsibility - Requirements - Information system - Ensuring compliance - Technical support Egyptian System for Nuclear Material Accounting and Control (ESAC)

5. Obligation

6. ESAC: obligation Text of agreement between Egypt and the Agency for the application of safeguards in connection with the Treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons [INFCIR/302, July 1983] Text of agreement between Egypt and the Agency for the application of safeguards in connection with the Treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons [INFCIR/302, July 1983] Articles 7 (a) Egypt shall establish and maintain a system of accounting for and control of all nuclear material subject to safeguards under this Agreement.

7. objectives

8. ESAC: objectives - national objective account for and control nuclear material in Egypt and to contribute to the detection of possible losses, or unauthorized use or removal of NM - international objective provide the basis for the application of IAEA safeguards under the agreement between Egypt and the Agency

9. scope

10. ESAC: scope: stages NPT/Signature & Ratification Safeguards Agreement / enter into force State declarations submitted Ad hoc inspections Subsidiary Arrangements concluded Routine inspections Question/inconsistency Request for clarification Request for access No access granted Board decision Denial of access Non-compliance

11. ESAC: scope: locations Facilities - ET-RR-1 - ET-RR-2 - FMPP - Fuel Fabrication Research Lab. - Hydrometallurgy Unit - Molybdenum Production Unit - Research Labs. in Nuclear Chemistry Building Locations Outside Facilities Hospitals, petroleum comp., some research Cent., Univs. …

12. ESAC: scope: nuclear material All materials and compounds in any chemical and physical form and any in phase with any amount or concentration that containing any of the three elements U, Pu, or Th, or any of their isotopes Except NORMs

13. Elements

14. ESAC: Elements: legal framework ESAC Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (INFCIRC-140) IAEA STATUTE The text of the agreement between Egypt & the IAEA for the application of safeguards In connection with the NPT (INFCIRC-302) Subsidiary Arrangement (with facility attachments) DIQs Law 7, 2010 Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the Agency Safeguards Legislations

15. ESAC: Elements: authority -ENRRA shall maintain and implementation of ESAC activities (All regulatory activities) - Represents the point of contact between the Government and local & international bodies Law 7 (nuclear and radiological activities), 2010

16. ESAC: Elements: responsibility Concluding Facility Attachments (basic document that describing How to apply safeguards on facility level) with different locations that may include: Evaluation of facility's measurement system Evaluation of precision and accuracy of measurements and estimation of measurement uncertainty Reviewing and approving the procedures for PIT Reviewing and approving the procedures for evaluation MUF Evaluating and approving the accounting system Beside international responsibility the ESAC shall implement the safeguards regulatory functions system, and specifically:

17. ESAC: Elements: requirements The ESAC requirements may include: Starting point and termination of safeguards Categorization of nuclear material Material Balance Areas Records and Reports System Measurement system Nuclear Material Flow Physical Inventory Taking Shipper/Receiver Differences Material Balance Closing Application of Containment and Surveillance Measures International Transfers of Nuclear Material (Imp.&Exp.)

18. RECORDS AND REPORTS Source data in Operating Records Measurement quality & quantity data Identification of Items and Lots Supporting Documents Inventory Change Documents Itemized Inventory List Physical Inventory Reconciliation Accounting Ledgers (records) Daily Ledger of Inventory Changes (ICJ) Principal Accounting Ledger Accounting Reports Inventory Change Report (ICR) Physical Inventory Listing (PIL) Material Balance Report (MBR) Final Physical Inventory and MUF Adjust Accounting Inventory

19. ESAC: Elements: information system Facility Attachments & Design information (DIQs) records, Nuclear material inventory and transactions, Activities and operational records, National & international (State) Reports, IAEA inspection-related information, Domestic inspection activities. The system keeps track on: Establishing a network with facilities. network (cyber) security and data encryption. Field support information system

20. ESAC: Elements: Ensuring compliance Ensure that the capability and performance of the facility accountancy system satisfies the requirements. Assure (via inspection activities) the operator declarations. Through domestic inspection the system will:

21. ESAC: Main Units Licensing Inspection Information & information treatment Evaluation R&D

22. ESAC: Tools and Capabilities

23. NDA Labs DA Labs EDS ICP Autotit … Gamma ray spectrometers with NaI, HPGe and CdZnTe detectors Neutron Coincidence Counters Enrichment Meters Multi-Group Analysis software for Uranium (MGAU) enrichment estimation * Trans-portable CT scanner

24. NaI, S-D = 2 cm, LT = 2.3 min CdZnTe, S-D = 2 cm, LT = 180 min Ge, S-D = 5 cm, LT = 5.3 min 27 Dec., 1997

25. Min. det. limit 25g 235 U (fast) Min. det. limit 1g 235 U (thermal) Sample Cavity AmLi sources CH 2 3 He detectors Cd sleeves Lid plug bottom plug

26. Modeling and Mathematical Calibration Mainly to overcome the lack of NM standards Using Monte Carlo Calculations (MCNP, GIANT, …)

27. 4 1234 1234 1.0 58.0 61.5 Y Z X X Y Z 39.08 31.26 3.4 2.54 Locations of AmLi sources 19.75 38.75 1.2 0.05 2.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1234 11.0 (a) s Ge L h A D 0.05 0.1 b ds c H d Detector Depth (mm) 185.7 keV1001.03 keV Detector hole

28. Factors affecting verification activities Required accuracy Allowable time Availability of equipment NM category (Purity, non uniform, Enr., homog., irrad. status,…) Type, energy and intensity of the measured radiation

29. Nuclear Security - Integrated Nuclear Security Support Plan (INSSP) - Nuclear Security Training and Support Center (NSSC) Arrange local and regional training courses and workshops Conclude MOUs with Egyptian Univs. for training and e- learning Establishment of:

30. What we can support Training (measuring systems, records & reports systems, verification activities, DIQs and FA,..) Field training Workshops TOTs Covering all types and categories of NM in a nuclear Fuel cycle Safeguards Nuclear Security Training Workshops (Basics for NS, TA, DBT)

31. What we need Nuclear Security Consultancy on some regulations TOTs Cooperation on training and e-learning

32. Thank You