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Where does water come from?. Water Vocabulary Tributary- a small river that joins a larger one Head water- the source of a river River Basin- the land.

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Presentation on theme: "Where does water come from?. Water Vocabulary Tributary- a small river that joins a larger one Head water- the source of a river River Basin- the land."— Presentation transcript:

1 Where does water come from?

2 Water Vocabulary Tributary- a small river that joins a larger one Head water- the source of a river River Basin- the land area that contributes water to the river (drainage) Dam- a man made structure to alter the flow of the river Effluent- treated- or untreated- waste water

3 71% of the earth is covered in water

4 Saltwater Freshwater 97 % of all water is saltwater. – Saltwater in lakes – Seas – Oceans 3% of all water – 2% not available for it is frozen or in deep aquifers. – 1% is available for human consumption.

5 Brackish Water – Mixture of saltwater and fresh water. – Found where fresh water flows into saltwater @ oceans and lakes.

6 Sources of water Water that we use for daily use comes from a variety of sources including: Surface water – Rivers, streams, snow and ice melt, ponds, lakes Underground water – aquifers

7 Surface Water http://www.fcwa.org/education/watershed/inde x.html http://www.fcwa.org/education/watershed/inde x.html Rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, lakes ½ drinking water comes from surface water Collect in a watershed

8 Surface waters create a watershed

9 AZ Surface H2)

10 February 8, 200810 Where does Arizona’s water come from? – Colorado River – Other surface water (Salt, Verde, Gila Rivers) – Groundwater – Effluent

11 February 8, 200811 Where does Arizona’s water come from? Total statewide demand: ~7.87 maf/year – About 40% supplied by groundwater pumping – More than 50% supplied by Colorado & Gila River systems – Use of reclaimed water is increasing – currently 7% Groundwater Colorado & Gila Rivers Colorado & Gila Rivers

12 Salt River 200-300 mi long Verde River and Black River are tributaries Ends in Gila River Challenges: Turbidity (sediment) Fecal Coliform Mining

13 Gila River 649 miles Salt river is main Tributary Ends in Colorado River Has several dams – Coolidge ( AZ) – Painted Rock Dam (AZ)

14 Colorado River 1450 miles long Main source of water in SW US

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16 Ground Water A few feet to a few thousand feet underground Stored water from underground rivers, filtered surface water Can drill wells to access Generally clean Aquifers- large underground storage of water

17 aquifer http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flas h_aquifer.html http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flas h_aquifer.html Filtration http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flas h_filtration.html http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flas h_filtration.html

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20 AZ Ground water supplies

21 Uses for Water Domestic – drinking, bathing, cleaning, cooking, watering lawns, washing cars, etc Agricultural Usage – Irrigating fields (food, fiber) – Raising livestock Industrial Usage – Manufacturing, mining, etc

22 Threats to Water Security Water Security- the ability to access clean, safe water – Population Expansion – Urbanization – Pollution – Warming waters – Destruction of Forest/vegetation

23 Water Scarcity- – Not having access to adequate clean drinking water – 1.2 billion people, almost 1/5 of the population live in areas of where they don’t have access to clean water – 500 million are approaching this situation – 1.6 billion, ¼ population face economic water shortage (lack of infrastructure to take water from rivers and aquifers) http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity.shtml

24 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8STrs78yx O0#t=36

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27 February 8, 200827 Arizona’s Future

28 February 8, 200828 Current Lower Basin Reservoir Stats * * As of 1/1/08 Current Storage Percent Full Million Acre-Feet Million Acre-Feet Lake Powell 46% 11.8 Lake Mead 50% 12.5 Total System Storage 53% 31.8 Total System Storage Last Year 55% 34.2

29 February 8, 200829 The Colorado River system is facing the worst drought on record. Lake Mead's water level has dropped approximately 70 feet since January 2000. When full, Lake Mead contains enough water to cover the state of New York with water one foot deep. Lake Mead’s Water Level

30 February 8, 200830 Growing Needs Can the Colorado River meet the growing needs of Arizona, California, & Nevada? – Lower basin is fully appropriated – Southern California cities must buy water from farmers & improve efficiencies – Southern Nevada Water Authority is storing water in Arizona & retiring agricultural uses in Nevada – Mexico & environmental demands threaten existing users in the Colorado Basin

31 February 8, 200831 Current Water Regulation Programs – Inside AMAs Assured Water Supply Rules Conservation programs – Outside AMAs Adequacy program New 100-year Adequacy Requirement Rural watershed studies – Across Arizona Well-drilling & well-spacing rules Surface water rights adjudication

32 Solutions? Arizona Farmers on the Verde River http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2013/1 2/05/smarter-irrigation-returns-water-to- arizonas-verde-river/ http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2013/1 2/05/smarter-irrigation-returns-water-to- arizonas-verde-river/

33 February 8, 200833 What if an extended drought is normal? – Hydrological studies indicate that cyclical wet/dry periods of 20-30 years are normal – Supply calculations might be overly optimistic – What does this mean for water management?

34 February 8, 200834 Climate Change: Can we manage our water supplies in response? Will the future bring more or less precipitation? The evidence is inconclusive More heat means – Higher evaporation rates & increased water demands

35 February 8, 200835 Active Management Areas (AMAs) – AMAs comprise 80% of population 75% of water consumption 13% of land – 4 of the 5 AMAs have a mandated goal of safe yield by 2025 – All new irrigation banned in AMAs & INAs after 1980

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