1. Chapter 5: Sound Recording & Popular Music

2. U.S. Popular Music & the Rise of Rock Popular music or “pop” was possible as the result of recorded music. Pop music today has numerous genres. – Rock & Roll, jazz, blues, country, Tejano, salsa, reggae, punk, hip-hop, dance and more. Pop music is big business, creating a broad range of products that the music industry packages and sells to ever increasing narrowly defined demographics.

3. Pop and Rock Roots of pop found in places like Tin Pan Alley where musicians hammered out songs to sell in the form of printed or “sheet” music.

4. Pop Music Other influences include jazz, blues, and vaudeville. – Paved the way for Rock n’ Roll Insight into American history is gained through analysis of popular music genres: – Blues and Rhythm & Blues – Rockabilly – Soul

5. Why Rock n Roll changed things Spoke to repressive societal norms – Segregation – Sexism – Fears stemming from the Cold War Rock blurs boundaries – High & Low culture – Masculinity / Femininity – Country / City – North / South – Sacred & Secular

6. Rock n Roll Controversy Black artists were exploited by white artists. – Royalties and copyright “Devil” music spawned juvenile delinquency. Promoted sexual promiscuity Subverted segregation Industry tried to clean up image by promoting wholesome white singers. – Frankie Avalon, Connie Francis, Ricky Nelson

7. The Evolution of Pop Music Brits Motown Folk Psychedelic Disco Reggae, New Wave, Punk, Grunge, A.R. & I.R. Hip-hop Country

8. Economics of Sound Recording Who are the key players? Songwriters, singers, and musicians, producers, record labels, promoters, managers, agents. Money making industry

9. Three Major Corporations control over 85% of the industry

10. $$$ generated by music industry relied on control of the product, music. Sales down dramatically By 2010, U.S. music sales had fallen to $8.5 billion from $14.5 billion peak in 1999 Internet has replaced record stores, general retail outlets, and music clubs as the major music retailer Illegal downloads and unauthorized recordings hurt sales

11. $$$ Costs Artist development (A&R agents) Technical facilities: technical production specialists Manufacturing costs CD packaging design Advertising and promotions Artists’ royalties Performance and mechanical royalties

12. Music in a Democratic Society How can popular music uphold a legacy of free expression while resisting co-optation by giant companies? http://www.dawn.com/news/610373/music-freedom-day-salutes-arab- demonstrators http://www.dawn.com/news/610373/music-freedom-day-salutes-arab- demonstrators