1. Unit 10 Transportation

2. 10.1 Questions
How many parties are involved in international trade transport?
What is the difference between a tramp and a liner?
What are the characteristics of liners shipping?
State the functions of Ocean B/L.

3. Ocean transport
Railway transport
Air transport
Container transport
International multi-modal transport
Postal transport
Highway or inland waterway transport

4. The parties involved
Shipper
Consignee
Carrier

5. Liner v.s. Tramp
A liner is a vessel that sails according to regular sailing route, regular ports of call, regular sailing schedule and has fixed freight.
A tramp is a freight-carrying vessel that follows no firm schedule, has no set routes or times.

6. 10.2 Words and Expressions

7. On board bill of lading Mate’s receipt ante-dated B/L Advanced B/L
Demurrange
Dispatch money
Cargo transport
Liner
Book shipping space
Freight
Surcharge
Chartering
Tramp
Charter party
Voyage charter
Time charter
Bare boat charter FI FO
FIO
FIOST
Stowage and trimming charges
Port of shipment
Port of destination
Shipping advice
ETD
ETA
Means of conveyance
Unless otherwise stipulated
On board bill of lading
Mate’s receipt
ante-dated B/L
Advanced B/L
Shipping instruction

8. Freight Freight charges 运费 Freight agency 运货代理商 Freight forwarder 运输公司
Freight rate　运费率
Freight service　货运
Freight tariff　运费表

9. ship / shipment / shipping
ship: 装运 put, take or send away on board ship, and can also be by airplane, truck or other vehicles
shipment: (1)装船putting of goods, etc. on a ship (2)装载的货物consignment; goods shipped
shipping: 装运,运输the act or business of sending or transporting goods

10. Shipment:
Direct shipment　直达船装运
Express/immediate/prompt/punctual shipment　立即装运
Delay/extend shipment　延期装运
Partial shipment 分装
Transshipment　转运

11. Shipping:
Shipping advice/notice　装船通知
Shipping agents　装运代理
Shipping company　船运公司
Shipping container　集装箱
Shipping order/permit　装货单
Shipping space　舱位
Shipping expense　装运费
Shipping process　装运手续
Shipping weight (s.w.)　起运重量
Shipping mark　唛头

12. season Busy season/ high/peak/rush season 旺季
Low season/dead/dull /slack season 淡季
Shopping season　销售季节
In season 上市－－out of season
Come into season　上市

13. 10.3　specimen letters
Discussing terms of shipment or asking for amendment to terms of shipment
Giving shipping instructions to the seller
Urging an early, immediate or punctual shipment
Sending shipping advice and/or shipping documents

14. 10.3.1 asking for amendment to the terms of shipment
Acknowledge the receipt of letter and/or L/C
Request for amendment and state the reasons
Wish a prompt reply

15. 10.3.2 shipping instruction Acknowledge the receipt of letters
Ask for shipment
Ask for some other requirements, if any
Wish a further cooperation and look forward to shipping advice

16. 10.3.3 Urging an early, immediate or punctual shipment
Refer to the goods for shipment
Describe necessary details and explain reasons
Urge shipment and express appreciation
Show goodwill

17. 10.3.4 Shipping advice Acknowledge the receipt of correspondence
Notify the completeness of shipment
Notify name of ship, date of departure and arrival, etc.
Enclose shipping documents
Wish a further cooperation and express assurance.

18. 10.4 useful sentences
We hope that by the time you receive this letter, you will have the goods ready for shipment.
It is stipulated that shipment is to be made before the end of this month ; however , we shall appreciate it if you will arrange to ship the goods at an earlier date.

19. We wish to advise you that the goods under S/C 567 went forward on the steamer “Yunnan” on July 5. They are to be transshipped at Copenhagen and expected to reach your port in early September.
We take this opportunity to inform you that we have shipped the above goods on board s .s . “Taishan”, which sails for your port tomorrow. Enclosed please find one set of shipping documents covering this consignment.

20. 10.5 exercises
Write a letter to your customer informing him that you have shipped the goods he ordered on board s.s. “Long March” which sail for his port tomorrow.

21. Dear Sirs,
We are very pleased to inform you that we
have shipped your Order No.100 covering
1000 sets of Midea Brand Microwave Oven
on board s.s. Long March, which is due to sail
for your port tomorrow.
We hope the above shipment will reach you in
good time and in perfect condition.
Yours faithfully,

22. Keys to Ex. V
1. As there is no direct steamer available from Fuzhou to your port, it is, therefore necessary to transship the goods at Rotterdam and as such we would request your customer to amend L/C No.PG314 as allowing transshipment.
2. After the equipment has been loaded we shall immediately inform you of the vessel's name, sailing date, the port of destination, the description and quantity of the goods, the number of the B/L and the contract number.
3. We now ask you to do your utmost to dispatch the first 500 sets under this order by air as the goods are urgently required by our customers.
4. In reply to your letter of yesterday, we have got all the shipping documents ready and submitted to our negotiating bank, Bank of China, for collection.

23. 5. On FOB trade terms, there is no need for the seller to arrange either shipment or insurance, unless otherwise instructed.
6. Included in the shipping documents mainly are those such as bill of lading, commercial invoice, etc. which entitle the right to the goods.
7. For further shipping instructions, please contact our forwarding agents, Kelly Bro. Co. Inc. Sydney, who have hitherto taken care of shipments from you.
8. We wish to inform you that although we are in a position to supply you with the goods against the above mentioned order from stock, we are advised by the shipping company that because direct vessels, either liner or tramp, sailing for your port are few and far between, the shipping space has been fully booked up to the end of November. We, therefore, are not able to advance the shipment.