1. Date of download: 6/26/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Numerical Study of Cerebroarterial Hemodynamic Changes Following Carotid Artery Operation: A Comparison Between Multiscale Modeling and Stand-Alone Three-Dimensional Modeling J Biomech Eng. 2015;137(10):101011-101011-12. doi:10.1115/1.4031457 Schematic description of the multiscale modeling system, where a 3D model of the MCA bifurcation is embedded in a 0-1-D multiscale model of the entire cardiovascular system Figure Legend:

2. Date of download: 6/26/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Numerical Study of Cerebroarterial Hemodynamic Changes Following Carotid Artery Operation: A Comparison Between Multiscale Modeling and Stand-Alone Three-Dimensional Modeling J Biomech Eng. 2015;137(10):101011-101011-12. doi:10.1115/1.4031457 Illustration of the coupling between the 1D model and the 3D model through a 0D interface model Figure Legend:

3. Date of download: 6/26/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Numerical Study of Cerebroarterial Hemodynamic Changes Following Carotid Artery Operation: A Comparison Between Multiscale Modeling and Stand-Alone Three-Dimensional Modeling J Biomech Eng. 2015;137(10):101011-101011-12. doi:10.1115/1.4031457 Flowchart of coupling computation (see Appendix A for a detailed description of the exchanges of hemodynamic quantities among models) Figure Legend:

4. Date of download: 6/26/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Numerical Study of Cerebroarterial Hemodynamic Changes Following Carotid Artery Operation: A Comparison Between Multiscale Modeling and Stand-Alone Three-Dimensional Modeling J Biomech Eng. 2015;137(10):101011-101011-12. doi:10.1115/1.4031457 Results computed by a multiscale model of a 3D MCA bifurcation coupled with the cardiovascular system and comparisons with the results obtained by the original 0-1-D model before the 3D model is embedded: (a) flow velocity contour in the center plane of the MCA bifurcation, (b) history of convergence error of coupling computation, and (c/d) comparisons of computed flow/pressure waveforms at the boundaries of the MCA bifurcation between the multiscale model and the 0-1-D model Figure Legend:

5. Date of download: 6/26/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Numerical Study of Cerebroarterial Hemodynamic Changes Following Carotid Artery Operation: A Comparison Between Multiscale Modeling and Stand-Alone Three-Dimensional Modeling J Biomech Eng. 2015;137(10):101011-101011-12. doi:10.1115/1.4031457 Flow (upper panel, left) and pressure (upper panel, right) waveforms at the boundaries of the MCA bifurcation computed by the multiscale model (the thick solid lines represent the preoperative results, whereas the thin dashed lines denote the postoperative results) and the DSA images taken before (lower panel, left) and after (lower panel, right) the operation. The DSA images show that the direction of flow in the left ACA changed after the operation. Figure Legend:

6. Date of download: 6/26/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Numerical Study of Cerebroarterial Hemodynamic Changes Following Carotid Artery Operation: A Comparison Between Multiscale Modeling and Stand-Alone Three-Dimensional Modeling J Biomech Eng. 2015;137(10):101011-101011-12. doi:10.1115/1.4031457 Spatial distributions of TAWSS and OSI on the walls of the MCA bifurcation obtained from multiscale computations (upper panel) and stand-alone 3D computations (lower panel). The preoperative and postoperative results are shown on the left and right sides, respectively. Figure Legend:

7. Date of download: 6/26/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Numerical Study of Cerebroarterial Hemodynamic Changes Following Carotid Artery Operation: A Comparison Between Multiscale Modeling and Stand-Alone Three-Dimensional Modeling J Biomech Eng. 2015;137(10):101011-101011-12. doi:10.1115/1.4031457 Comparisons of computed flow waveforms at the ACA and MCA outlets between the multiscale model and the stand-alone 3D model. The results of multiscale computation and stand-alone 3D computation are represented by solid lines and dashed dotted lines, respectively. The preoperative and postoperative results are shown on the upper and lower panels, respectively. Note that the same inflow conditions (flow waveform imposed at the ICA inlet) have been prescribed for the multiscale model and the stand-alone 3D model. Figure Legend:

8. Date of download: 6/26/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Numerical Study of Cerebroarterial Hemodynamic Changes Following Carotid Artery Operation: A Comparison Between Multiscale Modeling and Stand-Alone Three-Dimensional Modeling J Biomech Eng. 2015;137(10):101011-101011-12. doi:10.1115/1.4031457 Velocity vectors in a plane cutting through the MCA bifurcation visualized based on the multiscale computation (upper panel) and stand-alone 3D computation (lower panel). The preoperative and postoperative results are shown on the left and right sides, respectively. The arrow lines indicate the directions of blood flows in the near bifurcation region. Figure Legend: