1. Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design
Shelly Cashman Rosenblatt

2. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Chapter 1
Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design
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3. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Objectives
Discuss the impact of information technology on business operations
Describe an information system and explain its components and characteristics
Identify common types of information systems and explain who uses them
Distinguish between structured analysis and object-oriented methodology
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4. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Objectives
Explain systems development techniques and tools, including modeling, prototyping, and CASE tools
Describe the systems development life cycle
Discuss the role of the information technology department and the systems analysts who work there
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5. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Introduction
Why do businesses depend on information more than ever?
Global competition
Intense pressure for quality
Information technology can mean the difference between survival and failure
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6. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Introduction
What is required for successful business information systems?
The right hardware and software
A team of talented, motivated people who use information technology to achieve business goals
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7. Introduction IBM summed it up this way:
“Information system professionals need to work closely with managers and users to create a shared business model…”
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8. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Business Process Modeling
Business process modeling is used to represent a company’s operations and information needs
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9. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Systems and Procedures
Business process modeling is used to represent a company’s operations and information needs
Business profiles, models, and processes
Business profile
Business model
Business process reengineering
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10. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Information System Components
Mission critical systems
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11. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Information System Components
Mission critical systems
Hardware
Software
Data
Processes
People
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12. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Information System Components
Hardware is the physical layer of the information system
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13. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Information System Components
Software
System software controls the hardware and software environment and includes the operating system
Application software consists of programs that that process data to produce information
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14. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Information System Components
Data stored in files and databases is a vital component of every system
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15. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Information System Components
Processes define the tasks that must be performed by users, managers, and IS staff
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16. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Information System Components
People who use the system are called users, or end users, and include employees, customers, vendors, or others who interact with the system
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17. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Business Information Systems
Companies are classified based on their main activities:
Production-oriented (industrial ) companies that manufacture & sell goods
Service companies that mainly offer information, services, or sell goods made by others
Internet-dependent firms – dot-com (.com)
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18. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Business Information Systems
The growth of e-commerce
B2C (Business-to-Consumer)
B2B (Business-to-Business)
New roles and opportunities for systems analysts
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19. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Business Information Systems
Characteristics of business information systems
4 main characteristics affect a business information system’s complexity
Relationships with other systems
Boundaries
Specialized business needs
Size of the company
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20. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Types of Information Systems
Traditional categories
Operational systems
Management information systems
Decision support systems
Executive information systems
Expert systems
Office systems
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21. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Types of Information Systems
Enterprise computing systems
Support company-wide data management requirements
Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
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22. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Types of Information Systems
Transaction processing systems
Transaction processing (TP) and online transaction processing (OLTP)
TP captures data and triggers updates
Data integrity
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23. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Types of Information Systems
Business support systems
Provide job-related information to users at all levels in the company
Management information systems (MIS)
What-if analysis
Decision support
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24. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Types of Information Systems
Knowledge management systems
Expert systems
Simulate human reasoning by combining data with inference rules
Fuzzy logic
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25. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Types of Information Systems
User productivity systems
Tools to improve quality and job performance
Word processing is an example
Information systems integration
Important that all information systems can communicate intelligently
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26. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Organizational Structure
Four organizational levels
Operational employees
Empowerment
Lower management
Operational plans
Middle management
Tactical planning
Top management
Strategic planning
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27. Systems Development Techniques and Tools
Modeling
Graphical representation of a concept or process
Business model
Requirements model
Data model
Object model
Network model
Process model
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28. Systems Development Techniques and Tools
Prototyping
Early working version of the system
Allows analysis before final decisions are made
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29. Systems Development Techniques and Tools
Computer-aided systems engineering (CASE)
Framework for systems design and analysis
Upper CASE tools
Lower CASE tools
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30. Systems Development Techniques and Tools
Joint application development and rapid application development
JAD – Team based fact finding techniques
RAD – Condense development process
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31. Systems Development Techniques and Tools
Other systems development tools
Word processing
Spreadsheets
Presentation software
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32. Overview of Systems Development Methodologies
Structured Analysis
Process-centered
Uses systems development life cycle (SDLC)
Developing into a technique known as information engineering
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33. Overview of Systems Development Methodologies
Object-oriented analysis
Object is a member of a class
Class is a collection of similar objects
Objects possess properties
Methods change properties of objects and describe object behavior
Messages are sent between objects
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34. Overview of Systems Development Methodologies
Other development methodologies
Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF)
Popkin Software CASE tool
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35. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems planning
Systems analysis
Systems design
Systems implementation
Systems operation and support
Waterfall model
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36. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems planning
Systems analysis
Systems design
Systems implementation
Systems operation and support
Waterfall model
Interactive model
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37. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems planning
Purpose – identify problem’s nature/scope
Systems request – begins the process & describes desired changes/improvements
Systems planning – includes preliminary investigation or feasibility study
End product – preliminary investigation report
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38. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems analysis
Purpose is to learn exactly how the current system operates
Fact-finding or requirements determination is used to define all functions of the current system
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39. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Systems Development Life Cycle
Options
Develop a system in-house
Purchase a commercial package
Modify an existing system
Stop development
The end product for this phase is the systems requirements document
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40. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems design
Purpose is to satisfy all documented requirements
Identify all outputs, inputs, files, manual procedures, & application programs
Avoid misunderstanding through manager and user involvement
End product is system design specification
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41. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems implementation
Construct/deliver information system
Prepares functioning, documented system
Write, test, document application programs
User and manager approval obtained
File conversion occurs
Users, managers, IS staff trained to operate and support the system
Post-implementation evaluation performed
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42. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems operation and support
New system supports business operations
Maintenance changes correct errors or meet requirements
Enhancements increase system capability
After several years of operation, systems experience need for extensive changes
Systems development life cycle ends with system replacement
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43. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems development guidelines
Stick to a plan
Involve users
Identify milestones
Establish checkpoints
Be flexible
Provide accurate and reliable cost and benefit information
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44. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Information Technology Department
Operations group responsible for centralized computers and processing
Technical support group installs and supports systems software and serves in an advisory and support capacity to other groups in the IS department
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45. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
Information Technology Department
Application development
Systems support
User support
Database administration
Network administration
Web support
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46. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
The Systems Analyst Position
Responsibilities
Required skills and background
Certification issues
Career opportunities
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47. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
SOFTWEAR, LIMITED
Background and history
Company organization chart
IT department structure
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48. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
SOFTWEAR, LIMITED
Background and history
Manufactures and sells casual and recreational clothing
Formed in 1991
$250 million total 1997 sales
Total of 450 employees
California & Texas manufacturing plants
125 people work at SWL’s headquarters in Raleigh, N.C.
SWL maintains a Web site
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49. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
SOFTWEAR, LIMITED
Company organization chart
President, Robert Lansing – four direct reports
Vice President Operations, David Josephs
Vice President Marketing, Amy Neal
Vice President Finance, Michael Jeremy
Vice President Human Resources, Tina Pham
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50. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
SOFTWEAR, LIMITED
Company organization chart
President, Robert Lansing – four direct reports
Vice President Operations, David Josephs
Vice President Marketing, Amy Neal
Vice President Finance, Michael Jeremy
Director of Information Technology, Ann Hon, reports to the Vice President Finance, Michael Jeremy
Vice President Human Resources, Tina Pham
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51. Systems Analysis and Design 4e
SOFTWEAR, LIMITED
IT department structure
Director of Information Technology, Ann Hon, has three direct reports
Manager Systems Support, Jane Rossman
Manager User Support, Kerry Krauss
Manager Web Support, Altovise Martin
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52. End Chapter 1