1. ACID – BASE REACTIONS Chapter 25

2. When Acids and Bases Interact Acids are proton donors (Their chemical formulas begin with H-) Acids are proton donors (Their chemical formulas begin with H-) Bases are proton acceptors (Their chemical formulas end in –OH or -CO 3 ) Bases are proton acceptors (Their chemical formulas end in –OH or -CO 3 ) When acids and bases mix, they NEUTRALIZE each other! When acids and bases mix, they NEUTRALIZE each other!

3. Neutralization Reactions The H- in the acid bonds with the –OH in the base to make: The H- in the acid bonds with the –OH in the base to make: H 2 O (WATER!) The cation (metal) in the base bonds with anion in the acid and makes a salt! The cation (metal) in the base bonds with anion in the acid and makes a salt!

4. Neutralization Reactions For Example: For Example: NaOH (aq) + HCl(aq)  NaCl + H 2 O base acid salt water Ca(OH) 2 + 2 HCl  CaCl 2 + H 2 O base acid salt water

5. When Acids and Bases Interact Acid –Base Neutralization Reactions ALWAYS forma SALT and WATER Acid –Base Neutralization Reactions ALWAYS forma SALT and WATER NaOH + HCl  H 2 O + NaCl

6. The Second Type of Base Another type of base is one formed from a metal and a carbonate polyatomic ion: Another type of base is one formed from a metal and a carbonate polyatomic ion: Ca +2 CO 3 -2  CaCO 3 Calcium and carbonate form a base!

7. Neutralization with carbonate bases: Carbonates will react with acids to form water, a salt, and also CARBON DIOXIDE gas! Carbonates will react with acids to form water, a salt, and also CARBON DIOXIDE gas! CaCO 3 + 2 HCl  H 2 O + CaCl 2 + CO 2 Base acid water salt carbon dioxide Base acid water salt carbon dioxide

8. EXAMPLES: LiOH + HBr  H 2 O + LiBr CaCO 3 + H 2 SO 4  H 2 O + CaSO 4 + CO 2 H 2 O + CaSO 4 + CO 2 Ca(OH) 2 + 2 HI  2 H 2 O + CaI 2 2 H 2 O + CaI 2

9. EXAMPLES: H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric acid HBr Hydrobromic acid H 3 PO 4 Phosphoric acid HNO 2 Nitrous acid HCl Hydrochloric acid